This article addresses the lack of comprehensive studies on Web3 technologies, primarily due to lawyers' reluctance to explore technical intricacies. Understanding the underlying technological foundations is crucial to enhance the credibility of legal opinions. This article aims to illuminate these foundations, debunk myths, and concentrate on determining the legal status of crypto-assets in the context of property rights within the distributed economy. In addition, this article notes that the intangible nature of crypto-assets that derive value from distributed registries, and their resistance to deletion, makes crypto-assets more akin to the autonomy of intellectual property than physical media. The article presents illustrative examples from common law (United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand) and civil law (Germany, Austria, Poland) systems. Proposing a universal solution, it advocates a comprehensive framework safeguarding digital property - data ownership - extending beyond the confines of Web3. This article presents a comprehensive, multi-layered approach to the analysis of tokens as digital content and virtual goods. The approach, universally applicable to various of such goods, scrutinizes property on three distinct layers: first, the rights to the virtual good itself; second, the rights to the assets linked to the virtual good; and third, the rights to the intellectual property intricately associated with the token. Additionally, the paper provides concise analysis of the conflict of laws rules applicable to virtual goods. It also delves into issues concerning formal requirements for the transfer of intellectual property rights, licensing, the first sale (exhaustion) doctrine, the concept of the lawful acquirer, and other crucial aspects of intellectual property in the realm of virtual goods, particularly within the emerging metaverse.

翻译：本文针对Web3技术缺乏全面研究的现状，主要源于律师不愿深入探究技术细节。理解底层技术基础对于增强法律意见的可信度至关重要。本文旨在阐明这些基础，破除迷思，并聚焦于在分布式经济背景下确定加密资产在财产权领域的法律地位。此外，本文指出，加密资产从分布式账本中获取价值的无形性及其抗删除特性，使其更接近于知识产权的自主性，而非物理介质。文中列举了普通法系（美国、英国、新西兰）和大陆法系（德国、奥地利、波兰）的实例。为提出普适性解决方案，本文倡导构建一个保护数字财产（数据所有权）的综合框架，其适用范围超越Web3领域。本文提出了一种多层次、全面的代币分析方法，将其视为数字内容与虚拟商品。该方法可普遍适用于各类此类商品，从三个不同层面审视财产权：第一，虚拟商品本身的权利；第二，与虚拟商品关联的资产的权利；第三，与代币密不可分的知识产权权利。此外，本文简要分析了适用于虚拟商品的冲突法规则，并深入探讨了知识产权权利转移的形式要求、许可、首次销售（权利用尽）原则、合法获取者概念，以及虚拟商品领域（尤其是新兴元宇宙中）的其他关键知识产权问题。