Efficient implementation of massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) transceivers is essential for the next-generation wireless networks. To reduce the high computational complexity of the massive MIMO transceiver, in this paper, we propose a new massive MIMO architecture using finite-precision arithmetic. First, we conduct the rounding error analysis and derive the lower bound of the achievable rate for single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) using maximal ratio combining (MRC) and multiple-input-single-output (MISO) systems using maximal ratio transmission (MRT) with finite-precision arithmetic. Then, considering the multi-user scenario, the rounding error analysis of zero-forcing (ZF) detection and precoding is derived by using the normal equations (NE) method. The corresponding lower bounds of the achievable sum rate are also derived and asymptotic analyses are presented. Built upon insights from these analyses and lower bounds, we propose a mixed-precision architecture for massive MIMO systems to offset performance gaps due to finite-precision arithmetic. The corresponding analysis of rounding errors and computational costs is obtained. Simulation results validate the derived bounds and underscore the superiority of the proposed mixed-precision architecture to the conventional structure.

翻译：大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）收发机的高效实现是下一代无线网络的关键。为降低大规模MIMO收发机高昂的计算复杂度，本文提出一种采用有限精度算术的新型大规模MIMO架构。首先，我们开展舍入误差分析，推导了采用最大比合并（MRC）的单输入多输出（SIMO）系统与采用最大比传输（MRT）的多输入单输出（MISO）系统在有限精度算术下可达速率的下界。随后，针对多用户场景，利用正规方程（NE）方法推导了迫零（ZF）检测与预编码的舍入误差分析，并给出相应可达和速率的理论下界及渐近分析。基于这些分析与下界的洞察，我们提出一种面向大规模MIMO系统的混合精度架构，以弥补有限精度算术导致的性能差距，并获得了相应的舍入误差与计算代价分析。仿真结果验证了所推导界值的有效性，并凸显了所提混合精度架构相比传统结构的优越性。