Designing optimal non-terrestrial network (NTN) constellations is essential for maximizing throughput and ensuring fair resource distribution. This paper presents FTA-NTN (Fairness and Throughput Assurance in Non-Terrestrial Networks), a multi-objective optimization framework that jointly maximizes throughput and fairness under realistic system constraints. The framework integrates multi-layer Walker Delta constellations, a parametric mobility model for user distributions across Canadian land regions, adaptive K-Means clustering for beamforming and user association, and Bayesian optimization for parameter tuning. Simulation results with 500 users show that FTA-NTN achieves over 9.88 Gbps of aggregate throughput with an average fairness of 0.42, corresponding to an optimal configuration of 9 planes with 15 satellites per plane in LEO and 7 planes with 3 satellites per plane in MEO. These values align with 3GPP NTN evaluation scenarios and representative system assumptions, confirming their relevance for realistic deployments. Overall, FTA-NTN demonstrates that throughput and fairness can be jointly optimized under practical constraints, advancing beyond throughput-centric designs in the literature and offering a scalable methodology for next-generation NTN deployments that supports efficient and equitable global connectivity.

翻译：设计最优的非地面网络（NTN）星座对于最大化吞吐量和确保公平的资源分配至关重要。本文提出了FTA-NTN（非地面网络中的公平性与吞吐量保障），这是一个多目标优化框架，可在实际系统约束下联合最大化吞吐量与公平性。该框架集成了多层Walker Delta星座、一个用于描述加拿大陆地区域用户分布的参数化移动模型、用于波束成形和用户关联的自适应K-Means聚类，以及用于参数调优的贝叶斯优化。针对500名用户的仿真结果表明，FTA-NTN实现了超过9.88 Gbps的总吞吐量，平均公平性为0.42，这对应于一个最优配置：低地球轨道（LEO）中9个轨道面，每个轨道面15颗卫星；中地球轨道（MEO）中7个轨道面，每个轨道面3颗卫星。这些数值与3GPP NTN评估场景和代表性系统假设相符，证实了其在实际部署中的相关性。总体而言，FTA-NTN证明，在实际约束下，吞吐量与公平性可以联合优化，超越了文献中仅以吞吐量为中心的设计，并为支持高效、公平全球连接的下一代NTN部署提供了一种可扩展的方法论。