Holographic displays are widely regarded as the "ultimate" display technology, promising immersive 3D visuals with natural depth cues, continuous parallax, and perceptual realism. Realizing this potential, however, has remained elusive due to persistent image quality limitations -- most notably speckle noise, a byproduct of the random interference inherent to coherent light. This is typically further exacerbated by the hologram's phase randomness required for maintaining uniform energy distribution across the eyebox. While speckle suppression techniques like temporal multiplexing or smooth-phase heuristics exist, they often necessitate high-speed hardware and introduce visual artifacts, hindering their practical adoption. We introduce Ellipsography, a single-shot holography technique that achieves near-limit speckle suppression, reaching the image fidelity equivalent to averaging a million conventional scalar holograms -- in a single frame in simulation. By jointly modulating the phase and polarization of light, we structure optical interference and suppress speckle at its source. We present a full pipeline including a vectorial wave model, an end-to-end hologram synthesis algorithm, and a functional prototype display. Our experiments demonstrate substantial improvements in visual clarity, depth continuity, and focus cues over current state-of-the-art methods, achieving high-quality reconstructions approaching 30dB PSNR on a real holographic display for the first time -- a 10dB improvement over the best existing techniques. By pushing holographic reconstruction closer to the perceptual quality expected of modern displays, Ellipsography sets a new benchmark for practical, high-fidelity, speckle-free holography.

翻译：全息显示被广泛视为“终极”显示技术，有望通过自然深度线索、连续视差和感知真实感实现沉浸式三维视觉。然而，由于持续存在的图像质量限制——尤其是散斑噪声（相干光固有随机干涉的副产物），该潜力的实现仍难以企及。散斑问题通常因全息图维持眼箱均匀能量分布所需的相位随机性而进一步加剧。尽管存在时间复用或平滑相位启发式算法等散斑抑制技术，但它们往往需要高速硬件并引入视觉伪影，阻碍了实际应用。我们提出椭偏成像技术——一种单次全息术方法，可实现接近极限的散斑抑制效果，在仿真中单帧图像保真度等效于百万幅传统标量全息图的平均效果。通过联合调控光的相位与偏振，我们结构化光学干涉并在源头抑制散斑。我们展示了完整流程，包括矢量波模型、端到端全息图合成算法及功能性原型显示器。实验表明，相较现有最优方法，本方法在视觉清晰度、深度连续性和调焦线索方面均有显著提升，首次在真实全息显示器上实现接近30dB PSNR的高质量重建——较现有最优技术提升10dB。通过将全息重建推近现代显示器预期的感知质量水平，椭偏成像为实用化、高保真、无散斑全息术树立了新标杆。