Anonymity is a fundamental cryptographic primitive that hides the identities of both senders and receivers during message transmission over a network. Classical protocols cannot provide information-theoretic security for such task, and existing quantum approaches typically depend on classical subroutines and multiple private channels, thereby weakening their security in fully adversarial settings. In this work, we introduce the first fully quantum protocol for anonymous communication in realistic quantum networks with a device-independent security proof.

翻译：匿名性是密码学的基本原语，在网络消息传输过程中隐藏发送方和接收方的身份。经典协议无法为此类任务提供信息论安全性，而现有的量子方法通常依赖于经典子程序和多个私有信道，从而削弱了其在完全对抗环境中的安全性。本工作首次提出了适用于现实量子网络的完全量子匿名通信协议，并提供了设备无关的安全性证明。