For Large Language Models (LLMs) to be effectively deployed in a specific country, they must possess an understanding of the nation's culture and basic knowledge. To this end, we introduce National Alignment, which measures an alignment between an LLM and a targeted country from two aspects: social value alignment and common knowledge alignment. Social value alignment evaluates how well the model understands nation-specific social values, while common knowledge alignment examines how well the model captures basic knowledge related to the nation. We constructed KorNAT, the first benchmark that measures national alignment with South Korea. For the social value dataset, we obtained ground truth labels from a large-scale survey involving 6,174 unique Korean participants. For the common knowledge dataset, we constructed samples based on Korean textbooks and GED reference materials. KorNAT contains 4K and 6K multiple-choice questions for social value and common knowledge, respectively. Our dataset creation process is meticulously designed and based on statistical sampling theory and was refined through multiple rounds of human review. The experiment results of seven LLMs reveal that only a few models met our reference score, indicating a potential for further enhancement. KorNAT has received government approval after passing an assessment conducted by a government-affiliated organization dedicated to evaluating dataset quality. Samples and detailed evaluation protocols of our dataset can be found in https://selectstar.ai/ko/papers-national-alignment

翻译：摘要：为使大语言模型（LLMs）在特定国家有效部署，其需具备对该国文化及基础知识的理解。为此，我们提出“国家对齐”（National Alignment）概念，从社会价值观对齐与常识对齐两个维度衡量模型与目标国家的契合度。社会价值观对齐评估模型理解特定国家社会价值观的能力，常识对齐则考察模型掌握与该国相关基础知识的能力。我们构建了KorNAT，这是首个针对韩国的国家对齐基准测试数据集。在社会价值观数据集方面，我们基于涵盖6174名韩国参与者的全国性大规模调查获取真实标签；在常识数据集方面，我们依据韩国教科书及高中毕业同等学力考试（GED）参考材料构建样本。KorNAT包含社会价值观与常识领域分别4000道及6000道选择题。我们的数据集构建过程基于统计抽样理论精心设计，并经多轮人工审核优化。对七种大语言模型的实验结果显示，仅少数模型达到参考基准分数，表明其有待进一步提升。KorNAT已通过韩国政府下属数据集质量评估机构的审核并获官方批准。数据集样本及详细评估协议详见https://selectstar.ai/ko/papers-national-alignment。