Standard epistemic logics introduce a modal operator K to represent knowledge, but in doing so they presuppose the logical apparatus they aim to explain. By contrast, this paper explores how logic may be derived from the structure of knowledge itself. We begin from a pre-logical notion of a knowledge base understood as a network of inferential connections between atomic propositions. Logical constants are then defined in terms of what is supported by such a base: intrinsically, by relations that hold within it, and extrinsically, by the behaviour of those relations under extension. This yields a general semantic framework in which familiar systems (classical, intuitionistic, and various intermediate logics) arise naturally from different assumptions about the form of knowledge. This offers a reversal of the traditional explanatory order: rather than treating logic as a precondition for the articulation of knowledge, it shows how logical structure can emerge from epistemic organisation.

翻译：标准认知逻辑引入模态算子K来表示知识，但这样做却预设了它们试图解释的逻辑机制。相比之下，本文探讨了如何从知识本身的结构中推导出逻辑。我们从一种前逻辑的知识库概念出发，将其理解为原子命题之间推理连接的网络。然后，逻辑常项根据此类知识库所支持的内容来定义：内在方面，通过知识库内部成立的关系；外在方面，通过这些关系在扩展下的行为。这产生了一个通用的语义框架，其中熟悉的逻辑系统（经典逻辑、直觉主义逻辑以及各种中间逻辑）自然地源于对知识形式的不同假设。这提供了一种对传统解释顺序的逆转：不是将逻辑视为表达知识的前提条件，而是展示了逻辑结构如何从认知组织中涌现。