While most previous developed metamaterials only consider a single physical effect, we introduce a novel class of electro-mechanical metamaterials, which allows a direct controllable reduction of the total stress by applying an electric field counteracting the mechanical stress. The solution of the resulting minimization problem yields a relation involving the eigenvalues of the mechanical stress tensor. Additionally, we evaluate the constrained cases allowing only tensile or compressive stresses, respectively, and consider the plane stress problem. We show numerical results for all cases and discuss, to what extent a stress reduction is possible.

翻译：尽管以往开发的超材料大多仅考虑单一物理效应，本文提出了一类新型电-力耦合超材料，该材料通过施加与机械应力相抗衡的电场，能够直接可控地降低总应力。求解所得极小化问题可导出一个涉及机械应力张量特征值的关系式。此外，我们分别评估了仅允许拉应力或压应力的约束情形，并考虑平面应力问题。针对所有情况给出数值结果，并讨论应力降低的可能程度。