This paper presents a novel mathematical framework based on stochastic geometry to investigate the electromagnetic field exposure of idle and active users in cellular networks implementing dynamic beamforming. Accurate modeling of antenna gain becomes crucial in this context, encompassing both the main and the side lobes. The marginal distribution of EMF exposure for each type of users is initially derived. Subsequently, network performance is scrutinized by introducing a new metric aimed at ensuring minimal downlink coverage while simultaneously maintaining EMF exposure below distinct thresholds for both idle and active users. The metrics exhibit a high dependency on various parameters, such as the distance between active and idle users and the number of antenna elements.

翻译：本文提出一种基于随机几何的新型数学框架，用于研究采用动态波束赋形的蜂窝网络中空闲与活跃用户的电磁场暴露问题。在此背景下，精确建模包含主瓣与旁瓣的天线增益变得至关重要。首先推导了各类用户电磁场暴露的边际分布。随后，通过引入新的度量指标对网络性能进行审视，该指标旨在确保下行链路最低覆盖率的同时，将空闲与活跃用户的电磁场暴露水平分别控制在特定阈值以下。分析表明，这些度量指标与活跃用户与空闲用户之间的距离、天线阵列单元数量等参数高度相关。