Gender imbalance persists across science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, including computer science, where it appears in researcher demographics, productivity, recognition, hiring, and career progression. Given computer science's rapid expansion and global influence, addressing this imbalance is essential for broadening participation and fueling innovation. Although journal-oriented disciplines exhibit consistent gender imbalances in citation practices, it remains unclear whether similar patterns arise in the conference-centric culture of computer science. Here, we systematically investigate gender imbalance in citations of conference and journal papers in computer science. We find that papers for which a woman is listed as either first or last author receive fewer citations than expected, partly because of homophilic citation tendencies (i.e., authors tend to cite papers that share specific attributes). This imbalance is especially pronounced for conference papers--particularly those published at top-tier venues--relative to journals. Moreover, we find that the prominence of the first or last author and the structure of their local co-authorship networks are potential drivers of these imbalances. By exploring how conference-centric publishing practices can amplify systemic imbalances in computer science, our study offers insights that may inform efforts to foster more equitable representation in academia.

翻译：性别失衡持续存在于科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）领域，包括计算机科学，体现在研究人员构成、生产力、认可度、招聘和职业发展等方面。鉴于计算机科学的快速扩张和全球影响力，解决这一失衡问题对于扩大参与度和推动创新至关重要。尽管以期刊为导向的学科在引用实践中表现出持续的性别失衡，但以会议为中心的计算机科学文化中是否出现类似模式尚不清楚。在此，我们系统性地研究了计算机科学会议和期刊论文引用的性别失衡现象。我们发现，当女性被列为第一作者或通讯作者时，其论文获得的引用次数低于预期，部分原因是由于同质性引用倾向（即作者倾向于引用具有特定属性的论文）。与期刊相比，这种失衡在会议论文中尤为明显——尤其在顶级会议发表的论文。此外，我们发现第一作者或通讯作者的学术影响力及其本地合著网络结构是这些失衡的潜在驱动因素。通过探索以会议为中心的发表实践如何放大计算机科学中的系统性失衡，我们的研究为促进学术界更公平的代表性提供了见解。