IoT is a fundamental enabling technology for creating smart spaces, which can assist the effective face-to-face and online education systems. The transition to smart education (integrating IoT and AI into the education system) is appealing, which has a concrete impact on learners' engagement, motivation, attendance, and deep learning. Traditional education faces many challenges, including administration, pedagogy, assessment, and classroom supervision. Recent developments in ICT (e.g., IoT, AI and 5G, etc.) have yielded lots of smart solutions for various aspects of life; however, smart solutions are not well integrated into the education system. In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic situation had further emphasized the adoption of new smart solutions in education. This study reviews the related studies and addresses the (i) problems in the traditional education system with possible solutions, (ii) the transition towards smart education, and (iii) research challenges in the transition to smart education (i.e, computational and social resistance). Considering these studies, smart solutions (e.g., smart pedagogy, smart assessment, smart classroom, smart administration, etc.) are introduced to the problems of the traditional system. This exploratory study opens new trends for scholars and the market to integrate ICT, IoT, and AI into smart education.

翻译：物联网是创建智慧空间的基础赋能技术，可助力高效的面对面与在线教育系统。向智慧教育（将物联网与人工智能融入教育体系）的转型极具吸引力，能切实影响学习者的参与度、主动性、出勤率及深度学习效果。传统教育面临诸多挑战，包括行政管理、教学法、评估及课堂监督等方面。ICT（如物联网、人工智能和5G等）的最新发展已为生活各领域催生了大量智慧解决方案，但智慧方案尚未充分融入教育体系。特别是新冠疫情更进一步凸显了在教育领域采用新型智慧解决方案的必要性。本研究综述相关文献，旨在探讨：（i）传统教育体系存在的问题及可能的解决方案；（ii）向智慧教育的转型路径；（iii）转型过程中面临的研究挑战（即计算阻力与社会阻力）。基于上述研究，针对传统教育体系的问题提出了智慧解决方案（如智慧教学法、智慧评估、智慧课堂、智慧管理等）。这项探索性研究为学者及市场开辟了将ICT、物联网和人工智能整合至智慧教育的新方向。