Bridge health monitoring becomes crucial with the deployment of IoT sensors. The challenge lies in securely storing vast amounts of data and extracting useful information to promptly identify unhealthy bridge conditions. To address this challenge, we propose BIONIB, wherein real-time IoT data is stored on the blockchain for monitoring bridges. One of the emerging blockchains, EOSIO is used because of its exceptional scaling capabilities for monitoring the health of bridges. The approach involves collecting data from IoT sensors and using an unsupervised machine learning-based technique called the Novelty Index (NI) to observe meaningful patterns in the data. Smart contracts of EOSIO are used in implementation because of their efficiency, security, and programmability, making them well-suited for handling complex transactions and automating processes within decentralized applications. BIONIB provides secure storage benefits of blockchain, as well as useful predictions based on the NI. Performance analysis uses real-time data collected from IoT sensors at the bridge in healthy and unhealthy states. The data is collected with extensive experimentation with different loads, climatic conditions, and the health of the bridge. The performance of BIONIB under varying numbers of sensors and various numbers of participating blockchain nodes is observed. We observe a tradeoff between throughput, latency, and computational resources. Storage efficiency can be increased by manifolds with a slight increase in latency caused by NI calculation. As latency is not a significant concern in bridge health applications, the results demonstrate that BIONIB has high throughput, parallel processing, and high security while efficiently scaled.

翻译：桥梁健康监测随着物联网传感器的部署变得至关重要。其挑战在于安全存储海量数据，并从中提取有用信息以快速识别桥梁的不健康状态。为应对这一挑战，我们提出BIONIB系统，其中实时物联网数据被存储在区块链上用于桥梁监测。系统采用具有卓越扩展能力的EOSIO新兴区块链平台进行桥梁健康监测。该方法通过收集物联网传感器数据，并利用基于无监督机器学习的"新颖性指数"技术来观察数据中的有意义模式。在实现中使用EOSIO智能合约，因其具有高效性、安全性和可编程性，非常适合处理去中心化应用中的复杂事务与自动化流程。BIONIB不仅提供了区块链的安全存储优势，还基于新颖性指数实现了有用的预测。性能分析采用从桥梁健康与不健康状态下物联网传感器收集的实时数据。这些数据通过在不同荷载、气候条件及桥梁健康状态下进行大量实验获得。我们观察了BIONIB在传感器数量和参与区块链节点数量变化时的性能表现，发现了吞吐量、延迟与计算资源之间的权衡关系。通过略增加新颖性指数计算带来的延迟，存储效率可成倍提升。由于在桥梁健康应用中延迟并非关键问题，结果表明BIONIB在高效扩展的同时实现了高吞吐量、并行处理与高安全性。