Random Number Generators (RNGs) are crucial for applications ranging from cryptography to simulations. Depending on the source of randomness, RNGs are classified into Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs), True Random Number Generators (TRNGs), and Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs). This work presents the end-to-end development of a high-speed, high-efficiency, phase-noise-based QRNG system that taps into the quantum phase noise of a single-frequency laser, with randomness originating from spontaneous emission. Using a self-heterodyne measurement with a semiconductor laser (linewidth $\approx$ 5.23 $GHz$) operated near threshold and a $\sim$48 $cm$ fiber delay line, a raw data generation rate of 2.0 $Gbps$ is achieved. To ensure uniform randomness in the QRNG output, robust extraction techniques developed in-house, such as the Toeplitz Strong Extractor (TSE), are used. Randomness validation using the NIST and Diehard test suites confirms that all statistical tests pass at standard confidence levels. The developed system achieves a post-processed generation rate of 1.0 $Gbps$ in operation and attains a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 7, approaching TRL 8, making it suitable for real-time secure applications such as cryptographic key generation and stochastic modeling.

翻译：随机数发生器（RNG）对于从密码学到模拟仿真等应用至关重要。根据随机性来源的不同，RNG分为伪随机数发生器（PRNG）、真随机数发生器（TRNG）和量子随机数发生器（QRNG）。本文阐述了基于相位噪声的高速高效QRNG系统的端到端开发过程，该系统利用单频激光器的量子相位噪声，其随机性来源于自发辐射。通过采用近阈值运行的半导体激光器（线宽约5.23 GHz）结合约48 cm光纤延迟线进行自外差测量，实现了2.0 Gbps的原始数据生成速率。为确保QRNG输出的均匀随机性，使用了自主开发的鲁棒提取技术，如Toeplitz强提取器（TSE）。利用NIST和Diehard测试套件进行的随机性验证表明，所有统计测试均在标准置信水平下通过。该系统运行时的后处理生成速率达到1.0 Gbps，技术成熟度等级（TRL）为7级，接近8级，适用于密码密钥生成和随机建模等实时安全应用。