Critical systems, such as those used in healthcare, defence, transportation, and disaster management, require rigorous requirements engineering to ensure safety and reliability. However, this rigour has traditionally focused on technical assurance, with less attention to the human and social contexts in which these systems are used. This paper argues that human-centricity is an essential dimension of dependability and presents a human-centred requirements engineering process for making vulnerable-user needs explicit and traceable from inclusive design guidelines to requirements, prototype features, and validation evidence. Drawing on a structured review of inclusive design literature, we identified 62 guidelines relevant to four vulnerable communities: older adults, low-digital-literacy users, rural users, and colour-blind users. These guidelines were translated into a catalogue of 67 functional and non-functional requirements for inclusive early warning systems. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies in software engineering to consolidate and empirically validate inclusive design requirements for disaster early warning systems, where accessibility and usability failures can have serious safety consequences. The requirements were operationalised through an adaptive disaster early warning prototype and evaluated through six interviews and eight cognitive walkthroughs. The evaluation provided strong positive evidence across the four vulnerable groups, with particularly encouraging results for elderly and rural users, whose requirements achieved full validation coverage and high positive validation rates. The paper concludes by positioning human-centricity not as an ethical add-on, but as a traceable quality concern in the design of safe and equitable critical systems.

翻译：关键系统，例如用于医疗、国防、交通和灾害管理的系统，需要严格的需求工程以确保安全性和可靠性。然而，这种严格性传统上侧重于技术保障，而对使用这些系统的人员和社会背景关注较少。本文论证了人本中心性是可信赖性的一个基本维度，并提出了一种以人为中心的需求工程过程，旨在使脆弱用户的需求清晰明确，并使其从包容性设计指南到需求、原型功能和验证证据都具有可追溯性。基于对包容性设计文献的结构化综述，我们识别出与四个脆弱群体（老年人、低数字素养用户、农村用户和色盲用户）相关的62条指南。这些指南被转化为包容性预警系统的67项功能性和非功能性需求目录。据我们所知，这是软件工程领域首批针对灾害预警系统整合并实证验证包容性设计需求的研究之一，因为在这些系统中，可访问性和可用性失效可能导致严重的安全后果。这些需求通过一个自适应灾害预警原型得以实现，并通过六次访谈和八次认知走查进行了评估。该评估在四个脆弱群体中提供了强有力的积极证据，尤其是对老年用户和农村用户而言，其结果尤为令人鼓舞：他们的需求实现了完全的验证覆盖率和很高的正面验证率。本文的结论是，应将人本中心性定位为安全、公平的关键系统设计中的一个可追溯的质量关注点，而非一种道德上的附加项。