Distributed ledger systems have become more prominent and successful in recent years, with a focus on blockchains and cryptocurrency. This has led to various misunderstandings about both the technology itself and its capabilities, as in many cases blockchain and cryptocurrency is used synonymously and other applications are often overlooked. Therefore, as a whole, the view of distributed ledger technology beyond blockchains and cryptocurrencies is very limited. Existing vocabularies and ontologies often focus on single aspects of the technology, or in some cases even just on one product. This potentially leads to other types of distributed ledgers and their possible use cases being neglected. In this paper, we present a knowledge graph and an ontology for distributed ledger technologies, which includes security considerations to model aspects such as threats and vulnerabilities, application domains, as well as relevant standards and regulations. Such a knowledge graph improves the overall understanding of distributed ledgers, reveals their strengths, and supports the work of security personnel, i.e. analysts and system architects. We discuss potential uses and follow semantic web best practices to evaluate and publish the ontology and knowledge graph.

翻译：分布式账本系统近年来日益凸显其重要性与成功应用，尤其聚焦于区块链和加密货币领域。这导致对该技术本身及其能力产生诸多误解，因为许多情况下区块链与加密货币被混为一谈，而其他应用场景常被忽视。因此，人们对超越区块链和加密货币范畴的分布式账本技术的整体认知极为有限。现有词汇表和本体通常仅关注技术的单一层面，有时甚至局限于单一产品，这可能导致其他类型的分布式账本及其潜在应用案例被忽略。本文提出一个面向分布式账本技术的知识图谱与本体，其中包含安全考量要素（如威胁与漏洞建模）、应用领域，以及相关标准与法规。此类知识图谱可提升对分布式账本的整体理解、揭示其优势，并支持安全人员（即分析师与系统架构师）的工作。我们探讨了潜在应用场景，并遵循语义网最佳实践对本体与知识图谱进行评估与发布。