Action research provides the opportunity to explore the usefulness and usability of software engineering methods in industrial settings, and makes it possible to develop methods, tools and techniques with software engineering practitioners. However, as the research moves beyond the observational approach, it requires a different kind of interaction with the software development organisation. This makes action research a challenging endeavour, and it makes it difficult to teach action research through a course that goes beyond explaining the principles. This chapter is intended to support learning and teaching action research, by providing a rich set of examples, and identifying tools that we found helpful in our action research projects. The core of this chapter focusses on our interaction with the participating developers and domain experts, and the organisational setting. This chapter is structured around a set of challenges that reoccurred in the action research projects in which the authors participated. Each section is accompanied by a toolkit that presents related techniques and tools. The exercises are designed to explore the topics, and practise using the tools and techniques presented. We hope the material in this chapter encourages researchers who are new to action research to further explore this promising opportunity.

翻译：行动研究为探索软件工程方法在工业环境中的实用性与可用性提供了机会，并使得与软件工程从业者共同开发方法、工具和技术成为可能。然而，随着研究超越单纯的观察性方法，它需要与软件开发组织建立一种不同形式的互动。这使得行动研究成为一项具有挑战性的工作，也使得仅通过讲解原理的课程来教授行动研究变得困难。本章旨在通过提供丰富的案例集合并介绍我们在行动研究项目中发现的实用工具，来支持行动研究的学习与教学。本章的核心聚焦于我们与参与的开发者、领域专家以及组织环境之间的互动。本章围绕作者参与的行动研究项目中反复出现的一系列挑战展开结构。每个章节均附有一个工具包，呈现相关的技术与工具。练习设计旨在探索相关主题，并实践使用所介绍的工具与技术。我们希望本章内容能够鼓励初次接触行动研究的研究者进一步探索这一充满前景的研究途径。