This work considers an uplink wireless communication system where multiple users with multiple antennas transmit data frames over dynamic channels. Previous studies have shown that multiple transmit and receive antennas can substantially enhance the sum-capacity of all users when the channel is known at the transmitter and in the case of uncorrelated transmit and receive antennas. However, spatial correlations stemming from close proximity of transmit antennas and channel variation between pilot and data time slots, known as channel aging, can substantially degrade the transmission rate if they are not properly into account. In this work, we provide an analytical framework to concurrently exploit both of these features. Specifically, we first propose a beamforming framework to capture spatial correlations. Then, based on random matrix theory tools, we introduce a deterministic expression that approximates the average sum-capacity of all users. Subsequently, we obtain the optimal values of pilot spacing and beamforming vectors upon maximizing this expression. Simulation results show the impacts of path loss, velocity of mobile users and Rician factor on the resulting sum-capacity and underscore the efficacy of our methodology compared to prior works.

翻译：本文研究一个上行链路无线通信系统，其中多天线用户在动态信道上传输数据帧。先前研究表明，当发射机已知信道且收发天线互不相关时，多收发天线可显著提升所有用户的和容量。然而，若未妥善考虑发射天线紧密排布导致的空间相关性，以及导频与数据时隙间的信道变化（即信道老化），传输速率将大幅降低。本研究提出一个可同时利用这两个特征的分析框架。具体而言，我们首先提出捕获空间相关性的波束赋形框架；随后基于随机矩阵理论工具，推导出近似所有用户平均和容量的确定性表达式；进而通过最大化该表达式，获得最优导频间隔与波束赋形向量。仿真结果揭示了路径损耗、移动用户速度和莱斯因子对和容量的影响，并验证了本方法相较于现有方案的有效性。