Generative AI (GenAI) is increasingly used in collaborative learning, yet its effects on how groups regulate collaboration remain unclear. Effective collaboration depends not only on what groups discuss, but on how they jointly manage goals, participation, strategy use, monitoring, and repair through co-regulation and socially shared regulation. We compared collaborative regulation between Human-AI and Human-Human groups in a parallel-group randomised experiment with 71 university students completing the same collaborative tasks with GenAI either available or unavailable. Focusing on human discourse, we used statistical analyses to examine differences in the distribution of collaborative regulation across regulatory modes, regulatory processes, and participatory focuses. Results showed that GenAI availability shifted regulation away from predominantly socially shared forms towards more hybrid co-regulatory forms, with selective increases in directive, obstacle-oriented, and affective regulatory processes. Participatory-focus distributions, however, were broadly similar across conditions. These findings suggest that GenAI reshapes the distribution of regulatory responsibility in collaboration and offer implications for the human-centred design of AI-supported collaborative learning.

翻译：生成式人工智能（GenAI）正越来越多地应用于协作学习中，但其对群体如何调节协作过程的影响尚不明确。有效的协作不仅取决于群体讨论的内容，更取决于他们如何通过共同调节和社会共享调节来联合管理目标、参与、策略运用、监控与修复。我们在一项平行组随机实验中，比较了人机协作组与人人协作组在协作调节上的差异。71名大学生在GenAI可用或不可用条件下完成相同的协作任务。聚焦人类话语，我们采用统计分析考察不同调节模式、调节过程及参与焦点下协作调节的分布差异。结果表明，GenAI的可用性使调节行为从以社会共享调节为主转向更多混合式共同调节形式，并在指令性、障碍导向性和情感性调节过程中出现选择性增强。然而，两种条件下的参与焦点分布总体相似。这些发现表明，GenAI重塑了协作中的调节责任分布，并为以人为中心的AI支持协作学习设计提供了启示。