Voltage fluctuations are common disturbances in power grids. Initially, it is necessary to selectively identify individual sources of voltage fluctuations to take actions to minimize the effects of voltage fluctuations. Selective identification of disturbing loads is possible by using a signal chain consisting of demodulation, decomposition, and assessment of the propagation of component signals. The accuracy of such an approach is closely related to the applied decomposition method. The paper presents a new method for decomposition by approximation with pulse waves. The proposed method allows for an correct identification of selected parameters, that is, the frequency of changes in the operating state of individual sources of voltage fluctuations and the amplitude of voltage changes caused by them. The article presents results from numerical simulation studies and laboratory experimental studies, based on which the estimation errors of the indicated parameters were determined by the proposed decomposition method and other empirical decomposition methods available in the literature. The real states that occur in power grids were recreated in the research. The metrological interpretation of the results obtained from the numerical simulation and experimental research is discussed.

翻译：电压波动是电网中常见的扰动。为降低电压波动的影响，需首先有选择性地识别单个电压波动源。利用由解调、分解及分量信号传播评估构成的信号链，可实现对扰动负荷的选择性识别。该方法的精度与所采用的分解方法密切相关。本文提出一种基于脉冲波近似的分解新方法。所提方法能够正确识别选定参数，即各电压波动源运行状态的变化频率及其引起的电压变化幅值。本文展示了数值仿真研究与实验室实验研究的结果，据此通过所提分解方法及文献中其他经验分解方法确定了上述参数的估计误差。研究还原了电网中发生的真实工况。讨论了数值仿真与实验研究结果的计量学解释。