This study employs the annual unbalanced panel data of 42 listed banks in China from 2006 to 2021, adopts the non-radial and non-oriented super-efficiency Data envelopment analysis (Super-SBM-UND-VRS based DEA) model considering NPL as undesired output. Our results show that the profitability super-efficiency of State-owned banks and Rural/City Commercial Banks is better than that of Joint-stock Banks. In terms of intermediary efficiency(deposit and loan), state-owned banks have advantage on other two type of banks. The determinants analysis shows that all type of banks significantly benefits from the decrease of ownership concentration which support reformation and IPO. Regional commercial banks significantly benefit from the decrease of customer concentration and the increase of reserves. On the other hand, State-owned banks should increase its loan to deposit ratio while joint-stock banks should do the opposite.

翻译：本研究采用2006-2021年间42家中国上市银行的年度非平衡面板数据，构建以不良贷款为非期望产出的非径向非导向超效率数据包络分析模型（基于Super-SBM-UND-VRS的DEA模型）。研究结果表明：国有银行与农村/城市商业银行的盈利超效率优于股份制银行；在存贷款中介效率方面，国有银行显著优于其他两类银行。影响因素分析显示，三类银行均从股权集中度下降中显著受益，这支持了股份制改革与IPO政策。区域性商业银行显著受益于客户集中度下降与准备金增加；而国有银行应提高存贷比，股份制银行则应采取相反策略。