Multi-chain ecosystems suffer from fragmented identity, siloed liquidity, and bridge-dependent token transfers. We present n-VM, a Layer-1 architecture that hosts n heterogeneous virtual machines as co-equal execution environments over shared consensus and shared state. The design combines three components: a dispatcher that routes transactions by opcode prefix, a unified identity layer in which one 32-byte commitment anchors VM-specifific addresses, and a unified token ledger that exposes VM-native interfaces such as ERC-20 and SPL over a common balance store. We formalize routing, identity derivation, and token transfer semantics, and prove cross-VM transfer atomicity and identity isolation under standard cryptographic assumptions. We describe a concrete instantiation with five VMs: a native runtime, EVM, SVM, Bitcoin Script, and TVM. We also present context-based sharding and a write-set scheduler for parallel execution. Under an analytical throughput model, the architecture admits a projected range of about 16,000 to 66,000 transactions per second on commodity hardware.

翻译：多链生态系统面临身份碎片化、流动性孤岛以及依赖桥接的代币转移等问题。我们提出n-VM，一种第一层架构，该架构在共享共识和共享状态的基础上，将n个异构虚拟机作为对等的执行环境进行托管。该设计包含三个组件：一个按操作码前缀路由交易的分发器、一个统一的身份层（其中单个32字节承诺锚定各虚拟机特定地址），以及一个统一的代币账本（它在公共余额存储上提供ERC-20和SPL等虚拟机原生接口）。我们形式化了路由、身份派生和代币转移的语义，并在标准密码学假设下证明了跨虚拟机转移的原子性和身份隔离性。我们描述了一个包含五个虚拟机（原生运行时、EVM、SVM、Bitcoin Script和TVM）的具体实例化方案。此外，我们提出了基于上下文的碎片化方案和一个用于并行执行的写集调度器。根据分析吞吐量模型，该架构在商用硬件上预计可实现每秒约16,000至66,000笔交易的吞吐量。