An $f$-edge fault-tolerant distance sensitive oracle} ($f$-DSO) with stretch $\sigma \ge 1$ is a data structure that preprocesses a given undirected, unweighted graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, and a positive integer $f$. When queried with a pair of vertices $s, t$ and a set $F$ of at most $f$ edges, it returns a $\sigma$-approximation of the $s$-$t$-distance in $G-F$. We study $f$-DSOs that take subquadratic space. Thorup and Zwick [JACM 2005] showed that this is only possible for $\sigma \ge 3$. We present, for any constant $f \ge 1$ and $\alpha \in (0, \frac{1}{2})$, and any $\varepsilon > 0$, an $f$-DSO with stretch $3 + \varepsilon$ that takes $\widetilde{O}(n^{2-\frac{\alpha}{f+1}}/\varepsilon) \cdot O(\log n/\varepsilon)^{f+1}$ space and has an $O(n^\alpha/\varepsilon^2)$ query time. We also give an improved construction for graphs with diameter at most $D$. For any constant $k$, we devise an $f$-DSO with stretch $2k-1$ that takes $O(D^{f+o(1)} n^{1+1/k})$ space and has $\widetilde{O}(D^{o(1)})$ query time, with a preprocessing time of $O(D^{f+o(1)} mn^{1/k})$. Chechik, Cohen, Fiat, and Kaplan [SODA 2017] devised an $f$-DSO with stretch $1+\varepsilon$ and preprocessing time $O_\varepsilon(n^{5+o(1)})$, albeit with a super-quadratic space requirement. We show how to reduce their preprocessing time to $O_{\varepsilon}(mn^{2+o(1)})$.
翻译:一个具有伸缩因子 $\sigma \ge 1$ 的 $f$-边故障容忍距离敏感预言机 ($f$-DSO) 是一种数据结构,它预处理给定无向无权图 $G$(具有 $n$ 个顶点和 $m$ 条边)和一个正整数 $f$。当查询一对顶点 $s, t$ 和最多 $f$ 条边的集合 $F$ 时,它返回 $G-F$ 中 $s$-$t$ 距离的 $\sigma$-近似值。我们研究占用次二次空间的 $f$-DSO。Thorup 和 Zwick [JACM 2005] 表明这仅对 $\sigma \ge 3$ 可能。我们提出,对于任意常数 $f \ge 1$ 和 $\alpha \in (0, \frac{1}{2})$,以及任意 $\varepsilon > 0$,一个具有伸缩因子 $3 + \varepsilon$ 的 $f$-DSO,其占用 $\widetilde{O}(n^{2-\frac{\alpha}{f+1}}/\varepsilon) \cdot O(\log n/\varepsilon)^{f+1}$ 空间,并具有 $O(n^\alpha/\varepsilon^2)$ 查询时间。我们还对直径至多为 $D$ 的图给出了改进构造。对于任意常数 $k$,我们设计了一个具有伸缩因子 $2k-1$ 的 $f$-DSO,其占用 $O(D^{f+o(1)} n^{1+1/k})$ 空间,具有 $\widetilde{O}(D^{o(1)})$ 查询时间,预处理时间为 $O(D^{f+o(1)} mn^{1/k})$。Chechik、Cohen、Fiat 和 Kaplan [SODA 2017] 设计了一个具有伸缩因子 $1+\varepsilon$ 和预处理时间 $O_\varepsilon(n^{5+o(1)})$ 的 $f$-DSO,尽管其空间需求是超二次的。我们展示了如何将其预处理时间降低到 $O_{\varepsilon}(mn^{2+o(1)})$。