The organizational use of artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly spread across various sectors. Alongside the awareness of the benefits brought by AI, there is a growing consensus on the necessity of tackling the risks and potential harms, such as bias and discrimination, brought about by advanced AI technologies. A multitude of AI ethics principles have been proposed to tackle these risks, but the outlines of organizational processes and practices for ensuring socially responsible AI development are in a nascent state. To address the paucity of comprehensive governance models, we present an AI governance framework, the hourglass model of organizational AI governance, which targets organizations that develop and use AI systems. The framework is designed to help organizations deploying AI systems translate ethical AI principles into practice and align their AI systems and processes with the forthcoming European AI Act. The hourglass framework includes governance requirements at the environmental, organizational, and AI system levels. At the AI system level, we connect governance requirements to AI system life cycles to ensure governance throughout the system's life span. The governance model highlights the systemic nature of AI governance and opens new research avenues into its practical implementation, the mechanisms that connect different AI governance layers, and the dynamics between the AI governance actors. The model also offers a starting point for organizational decision-makers to consider the governance components needed to ensure social acceptability, mitigate risks, and realize the potential of AI.

翻译：人工智能（AI）在组织中的使用已迅速扩展至各行各业。在认识到AI带来益处的同时，人们日益达成共识：必须应对先进AI技术引发的偏见与歧视等风险及潜在危害。尽管已提出大量AI伦理原则来应对这些风险，但确保社会责任型AI发展的组织流程与实践框架仍处于萌芽阶段。针对综合性治理模型的匮乏，我们提出面向开发与使用AI系统的组织的AI治理框架——组织AI治理的沙漏模型。该框架旨在帮助部署AI系统的组织将伦理AI原则转化为实践，并使其AI系统与流程符合即将出台的《欧洲AI法案》。沙漏框架涵盖环境层、组织层和AI系统层的治理要求。在AI系统层面，我们将治理要求与AI系统生命周期相联结，确保对系统全生命周期的治理。该治理模型凸显了AI治理的系统性本质，为其实际落地、连接AI治理不同层级的机制、以及AI治理主体间的动态关系开辟了新的研究路径。该模型也为组织决策者提供起点，使其能够思考确保社会接纳性、降低风险并发挥AI潜力所需的治理要素。