Distributed space antennas using electromagnetic formation flight (EMFF) are a promising architecture for large-aperture, long-life space communication systems. Their feasible aperture, however, is governed by coupled constraints on antenna performance, satellite mass, power generation, coil geometry, and formation-keeping power. This paper proposes a system-level design framework for EMFF-based distributed space antennas. It links phased-array requirements with satellite-level sizing constraints and provides a static grid-based reference for designing feasible apertures under a fixed system mass. Unlike our previous bucket-brigade disturbance-compensation model, the formation-maintenance requirement is incorporated through a control index derived from distributed-control simulations. This index is integrated into an antenna-aperture maximization problem with sizing, power, coil, and sidelobe-envelope constraints. Parametric case studies examine margin magnetic moment, prescribed transmit power, and large inter-satellite spacing. Results show that increasing system mass improves footprint reduction or effective isotropic radiated power only while satellite-level design headroom remains. In direct-to-device cases with 0.15 m spacing, generated-power and coil-geometry constraints dominate the feasible aperture. In the 0.60 m large-spacing case, the required coil burden can exceed satellite-level mass, size, and power capacities, making the design infeasible despite favorable communication performance. The proposed framework enables the design and evaluation of feasible static grid-based EMFF distributed antennas under coupled antenna, satellite, and control constraints.

翻译：采用电磁编队飞行（EMFF）的分布式空间天线是大孔径、长寿命空间通信系统的一种有前景架构。然而其可行孔径受限于天线性能、卫星质量、发电能力、线圈几何结构以及编队保持功率等多重耦合约束。本文提出了一种基于EMFF的分布式空间天线系统级设计框架。该框架将相控阵需求与卫星尺度约束相关联，并为在固定系统质量下设计可行孔径提供静态网格基准。与先前采用"水桶接力"扰动补偿模型不同，本文通过从分布式控制仿真中导出的控制指标来表征编队维持需求。该控制指标被集成到包含尺度约束、功率约束、线圈约束和旁瓣包络约束的孔径最大化问题中。参数化案例研究考察了余量磁矩、规定发射功率以及大型星间距等因素。结果表明：仅当卫星级设计裕量充足时，增加系统质量才能改善足迹缩减或等效全向辐射功率。在间距0.15 m直连设备场景下，发电功率与线圈几何约束主导了可行孔径；而在0.60 m大间距场景下，所需线圈负载可能超过卫星级质量、尺寸和功率容量，导致设计虽具优异通信性能却不可行。所提出的框架能够在天线、卫星与控制的多重耦合约束下，完成基于静态网格的EMFF分布式天线的可行孔径设计与评估。