Low back pain (LBP) is a pervasive global health challenge, affecting approximately 80% of adults and frequently progressing into chronic or recurrent episodes. While exercise therapy is a primary clinical intervention, traditional at-home programs suffer from low adherence rates and the absence of professional supervision. This study introduces TOSHFA, an accessible mobile VR-based rehabilitation system that bridges this gap by combining computer vision with affordable hardware. The system utilizes a laptop webcam to perform real-time pose estimation via the MediaPipe framework, tracking 33 skeletal landmarks to provide immediate biofeedback. This data is streamed via low-latency UDP protocols to a smartphone mounted in a cardboard-style VR headset, where patients interact with a gamified 3D environment. A pilot study with 20 participants evaluated the system's performance and user engagement. Quantitative results yielded a mean System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 47.4, indicating marginal usability and a need for interface optimization. However, Game Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) data revealed high scores in positive affect and enjoyment, suggesting that the gamification elements--such as coin rewards and streak tracking--successfully maintained user motivation despite technical friction. These findings validate the feasibility of a smartphone-based tele-rehabilitation model and establish a technical foundation for future clinical trials involving multi-exercise protocols.

翻译：腰痛是一种普遍存在的全球性健康挑战，影响约80%的成年人，并常发展为慢性或复发性病症。虽然运动疗法是主要的临床干预手段，但传统的居家康复方案存在依从率低且缺乏专业监督的问题。本研究介绍了TOSHFA，一种易于使用的基于移动VR的康复系统，它通过将计算机视觉与低成本硬件相结合来弥补这一差距。该系统利用笔记本电脑网络摄像头，通过MediaPipe框架执行实时姿态估计，追踪33个骨骼关键点以提供即时生物反馈。这些数据通过低延迟UDP协议流式传输至安装在纸板式VR头显中的智能手机，患者在其中与游戏化的3D环境进行交互。一项包含20名参与者的初步研究评估了系统的性能和用户参与度。定量结果显示平均系统可用性量表得分为47.4，表明可用性处于边缘水平且界面需要优化。然而，游戏体验问卷数据显示在积极情感和愉悦度方面得分较高，这表明尽管存在技术摩擦，游戏化元素（如金币奖励和连续完成追踪）成功地维持了用户动机。这些发现验证了基于智能手机的远程康复模型的可行性，并为未来涉及多运动方案的临床试验奠定了技术基础。