M2M deployments such as drone swarms demand mission-critical communication: km-scale range, strong per-device identity and mutual authentication, and deterministic QoS for bandwidth-intensive payloads. Cellular 5G uniquely satisfies all of these, yet it has seen limited adoption in autonomous fleets. The barrier is not capability but resilience: today's 5G networks assume fixed infrastructure, and when the base station fails, recovery is uniquely complex. Unlike simpler wireless protocols where devices can transparently switch nodes, 5G failure requires reconstructing distributed state such as authentication contexts, QoS bindings, tunnels, and RRC state machines across the fleet, a process that no existing system automates. We present Dyna-5G, which makes this happen. Dyna-5G is the first 5G Standalone-compliant framework for dynamic role switching in M2M fleets, where any device can assume the role of 5G Core, RAN, or UE at runtime. It orchestrates failure detection, leader selection, and coordinated state teardown and re-establishment, all without modifying 3GPP protocols. We evaluate Dyna-5G on a high-fidelity software emulation testbed, with Open5GS and srsRAN, across hundreds of trials with up to 10 drones. Control-plane overhead averages 0.47 Mb/s (approximately 0.47% of a 100 Mb/s bearer), while failure recovery completes in about 2.5 s, of which approximately 86% is due to stack-dependent cellular procedures. Dyna-5G's orchestration logic itself adds only about 175 ms per reconfiguring role. All tested missions complete successfully, even under injected leader crashes.

翻译：无人机集群等M2M部署对任务关键型通信提出严苛需求：千米级通信范围、强每设备身份认证与互信机制，以及面向带宽密集型载荷的确定性服务质量保障。蜂窝5G技术虽能完美满足上述所有要求，却未能在自主编队中得到广泛应用。其障碍并非能力不足，而是韧性缺失——当前5G网络假设固定基础设施，当基站故障时，恢复过程极为复杂。不同于设备可透明切换节点的简易无线协议，5G故障需要重建跨编队的分布式状态（如认证上下文、QoS绑定、隧道及RRC状态机），而现有系统均未实现该过程的自动化。本文提出Dyna-5G以实现这一目标。作为首个符合5G独立组网标准的M2M编队动态角色切换框架，Dyna-5G允许任意设备在运行时承担5G核心网、接入网或用户设备角色。该框架编排故障检测、领导者选举、协同状态拆除与重建等全流程，且无需修改3GPP协议。我们在搭载Open5GS与srsRAN的高保真软件仿真测试平台上，基于包含10架无人机的近百次试验验证了Dyna-5G性能。控制面开销均值仅0.47 Mb/s（约为100 Mb/s承载带宽的0.47%），故障恢复耗时约2.5秒，其中约86%由协议栈相关的蜂窝规程导致。Dyna-5G的编排逻辑本身每次角色重构仅增加约175毫秒延迟。即使面临注入的领导者崩溃场景，所有测试任务均成功完成。