The neutral atom array has gained prominence in quantum computing for its scalability and operation fidelity. Previous works focus on fixed atom arrays (FAAs) that require extensive SWAP operations for long-range interactions. This work explores a novel architecture reconfigurable atom arrays (RAAs), also known as field programmable qubit arrays (FPQAs), which allows for coherent atom movements during circuit execution under some constraints. Such atom movements, which are unique to this architecture, could reduce the cost of long-range interactions significantly if the atom movements could be scheduled strategically. In this work, we introduce Atomique, a compilation framework designed for qubit mapping, atom movement, and gate scheduling for RAA. Atomique contains a qubit-array mapper to decide the coarse-grained mapping of the qubits to arrays, leveraging MAX k-Cut on a constructed gate frequency graph to minimize SWAP overhead. Subsequently, a qubit-atom mapper determines the fine-grained mapping of qubits to specific atoms in the array and considers load balance to prevent hardware constraint violations. We further propose a router that identifies parallel gates, schedules them simultaneously, and reduces depth. We evaluate Atomique across 20+ diverse benchmarks, including generic circuits (arbitrary, QASMBench, SupermarQ), quantum simulation, and QAOA circuits. Atomique consistently outperforms IBM Superconducting, FAA with long-range gates, and FAA with rectangular and triangular topologies, achieving significant reductions in depth and the number of two-qubit gates.

翻译：中性原子阵列因其可扩展性和操作保真度在量子计算领域备受关注。先前研究主要集中于固定原子阵列（FAA），其长程相互作用需要大量SWAP操作。本文探索了一种新型架构——可重构原子阵列（RAA），亦称为现场可编程量子比特阵列（FPQA），该架构允许在电路执行期间于特定约束下实现相干原子移动。此类原子移动是该架构独有的特性，若能通过策略性调度实现，可显著降低长程相互作用的开销。本研究提出Atomique——一个专为RAA设计的量子比特映射、原子移动与门级调度编译框架。Atomique包含量子比特-阵列映射器，通过基于门频率图构建的MAX k-Cut算法确定量子比特到阵列的粗粒度映射，以最小化SWAP开销；随后通过量子比特-原子映射器确定量子比特到阵列中特定原子的细粒度映射，并考虑负载均衡以避免硬件约束冲突。我们进一步提出一种路由器，可识别并行门、实现同步调度并降低电路深度。我们在20余个多样化基准测试（包括通用电路（任意电路、QASMBench、SupermarQ）、量子模拟电路及QAOA电路）上评估Atomique。实验表明，Atomique在电路深度和双量子比特门数量方面均显著优于IBM超导架构、支持长程门的FAA架构以及矩形与三角形拓扑的FAA架构。