Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) aims at the real-time monitoring of the integrity of engineering structures, with Guided-waves (GWs) providing high sensitivity to damage presence and to ageing effects for thin-walled components. In conventional GW-based SHM, a bonded piezoelectric transducer (PZT) emits a short tone burst that produces an Initial Wave Packet (IWP) propagating through the structure. As this packet interacts with boundaries and potential damages, additional scattered wave packets are produced. A major limitation of such approaches lies in the simultaneous excitation of multiple dispersive GW modes by a single PZT, which significantly complicates signal interpretation and damage monitoring. In this context, this work proposes the Physics-Informed Single Atom Matching Pursuit (PISAMP) method, a signal decomposition method grounded in the physical principles governing wave propagation. In contrast with purely data-driven or numerically intensive techniques, the proposed approach embeds strong physical constraints into a low-dimensional and computationally efficient signal representation. This formulation enables the direct identification of key physically meaningful features, including modal wavenumber functions and propagation distances between actuator, damage and sensors. These extracted features, especially source-damage-sensor distances, allows to subsequently perform damage location using well established Elliptical Localization techniques. The principal novelty of this study lies in integrating wave propagation physics into a compact signal decomposition framework and developing an interpretable damage localization methodology for GW-SHM applications.

翻译：结构健康监测(SHM)旨在实时监控工程结构的完整性，其中导波(GWs)对薄壁构件的损伤存在与老化效应具有高灵敏度。在传统基于GW的SHM中，粘贴式压电换能器(PZT)发射短音脉冲，产生沿结构传播的初始波包(IWP)。当该波包与边界及潜在损伤相互作用时，会产生额外的散射波包。此类方法的主要局限在于单个PZT同时激发多个色散GW模式，显著增加了信号解释与损伤监测的复杂度。在此背景下，本文提出物理知识引导的单原子匹配追踪(PISAMP)方法，这是一种基于波传播物理原理的信号分解方法。与纯数据驱动或数值密集型技术不同，所提方法将强物理约束嵌入到低维且计算高效的信号表示中。该公式能够直接识别关键物理意义特征，包括模态波数函数以及激励器、损伤与传感器之间的传播距离。这些提取的特征（尤其是源-损伤-传感器距离）可随后利用成熟的椭圆定位技术实现损伤定位。本研究的主要创新点在于将波传播物理集成到紧凑的信号分解框架中，并发展出适用于GW-SHM的可解释损伤定位方法论。