Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have experienced significant development in recent years, playing a crucial role in enhancing the driving experience by enabling safer and more efficient inter-vehicle interactions through information exchange. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is particularly vital as it not only helps to prevent collisions and improve traffic efficiency but also provides essential situational awareness to drivers or autonomous driving systems. Communication is typically supported by Roadside Units (RSUs); however, in practical applications, vehicles may exceed the communication range of RSUs, thus exposing them to various malicious attacks. Additionally, considering the limited computational resources of onboard units (OBUs) in vehicles, there is a high demand for designing lightweight security protocols that support V2V communication. To address this issue, this paper proposes an efficient anonymous V2V identity authentication protocol tailored for scenarios that lack RSU support. The proposed protocol has been formally assessed using the Scyther tool, demonstrating its capability to withstand major typical malicious attacks. Performance evaluations indicate that the proposed protocol is efficient in terms of communication and computational overhead, making it a viable solution for V2V vehicle communication.

翻译：车载自组织网络（VANETs）近年来发展迅速，通过信息交换实现更安全、更高效的车间交互，在提升驾驶体验方面发挥着关键作用。车对车（V2V）通信尤为重要，不仅能预防碰撞、提高交通效率，还能为驾驶员或自动驾驶系统提供关键的态势感知能力。通信通常依赖路边单元（RSUs）支持，但在实际应用中，车辆可能超出RSUs通信范围，从而暴露于多种恶意攻击。此外，考虑到车辆车载单元（OBUs）计算资源有限，设计支持V2V通信的轻量级安全协议具有较高需求。针对这一问题，本文提出一种适用于缺乏RSU支持场景的高效匿名V2V身份认证协议。该协议已通过Scyther工具进行形式化评估，证明其能够抵御主要典型恶意攻击。性能评估表明，该协议在通信与计算开销方面具有高效性，是适用于V2V车辆通信的可行方案。