System-imposed wait times can significantly disrupt digital workflows, affecting user experience and task performance. Prior HCI research has examined how temporal feedback, such as feedback mode (Elapsed-Time vs. Remaining-Time) shapes wait-time perception. However, few studies have investigated how such feedback influences users' downstream task performance, as well as overall affective and cognitive experience. To study these effects, we conducted an online experiment where 425 participants performing a visual reasoning task experienced a 10-, 30-, or 60-second wait with a Remaining-Time, Elapsed-Time, or No Time Display. Findings show that temporal feedback mode shapes how waiting is perceived: Remaining-Time feedback increased frustration relative to Elapsed-Time feedback, while No Time Display made waits feel longer and heightened ambiguity. Notably, these experiential differences did not translate into differences in post-wait task performance. Integrating psychophysical and cognitive science perspectives, we discuss implications for implementing temporal feedback in latency-prone digital systems.

翻译：系统强加的等待时间会显著干扰数字工作流程，影响用户体验和任务表现。先前的人机交互研究已探讨了时间反馈（如反馈模式：已用时间与剩余时间）如何塑造等待时间感知。然而，很少有研究调查此类反馈如何影响用户的下游任务表现，以及整体的情感与认知体验。为研究这些影响，我们进行了一项在线实验，425名参与者执行一项视觉推理任务，期间经历了10秒、30秒或60秒的等待，并伴有剩余时间、已用时间或无时间显示。研究结果表明，时间反馈模式塑造了等待的感知方式：与已用时间反馈相比，剩余时间反馈增加了挫败感，而无时间显示则使等待感觉更长并加剧了模糊性。值得注意的是，这些体验差异并未转化为等待后任务表现的差异。结合心理物理学和认知科学的视角，我们讨论了在易延迟的数字系统中实施时间反馈的意义。