The advent of Generative AI, particularly through Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and its successors, marks a paradigm shift in the AI landscape. Advanced LLMs exhibit multimodality, handling diverse data formats, thereby broadening their application scope. However, the complexity and emergent autonomy of these models introduce challenges in predictability and legal compliance. This paper delves into the legal and regulatory implications of Generative AI and LLMs in the European Union context, analyzing aspects of liability, privacy, intellectual property, and cybersecurity. It critically examines the adequacy of the existing and proposed EU legislation, including the Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) draft, in addressing the unique challenges posed by Generative AI in general and LLMs in particular. The paper identifies potential gaps and shortcomings in the legislative framework and proposes recommendations to ensure the safe and compliant deployment of generative models, ensuring they align with the EU's evolving digital landscape and legal standards.

翻译：生成式人工智能——特别是以ChatGPT及其后继者为代表的大语言模型——的兴起标志着人工智能领域的范式转变。先进的大语言模型展现出多模态特征，能够处理多样化的数据格式，从而显著拓展其应用范围。然而，这类模型的复杂性与涌现出的自主性给可预测性及法律合规性带来了新的挑战。本文深入探讨欧盟背景下生成式人工智能与大语言模型的法律规制影响，系统分析责任、隐私、知识产权与网络安全四个维度。文章严谨审视现有及拟议中的欧盟立法体系（包括《人工智能法案》草案）在应对生成式人工智能——尤其是大语言模型——所引发的特殊挑战方面的充分性。研究识别了现行立法框架中存在的潜在漏洞与不足，并提出了旨在保障生成式模型安全合规部署的改进建议，确保其与欧盟不断演进的数字生态及法律标准相契合。