The low-altitude economy (LAE) plays an indispensable role in cargo transportation, healthcare, infrastructure inspection, and especially post-disaster communication. Specifically, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), as one of the core technologies of the LAE, can be deployed to provide communication coverage, facilitate data collection, and relay data for trapped users, thereby significantly enhancing the efficiency of post-disaster response efforts. In this paper, we design an efficient and robust UAV-swarm enabled collaborative self-organizing network to facilitate post-disaster communications. Specifically, a ground device transmits data to UAV swarms, which then use collaborative beamforming (CB) technique to form virtual antenna arrays and relay the data to a remote access point (AP) efficiently. Then, we formulate a rescue-oriented post-disaster transmission rate maximization optimization problem (RPTRMOP). Then, we propose a two-stage optimization approach to address it. In the first stage, the optimal traffic routing and the theoretical upper bound on the transmission rate of the network are derived. In the second stage, we transform the formulated RPTRMOP into a variant named V-RPTRMOP, and a diffusion model-enabled particle swarm optimization (DM-PSO) algorithm is proposed to deal with the V-RPTRMOP. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage optimization approach in improving the transmission rate of the constructed network, which demonstrates the great potential for post-disaster communications. Moreover, the robustness of the constructed network is also validated via evaluating the impact of two unexpected situations on the system transmission rate.

翻译：低空经济在货物运输、医疗保健、基础设施巡检，尤其是灾后通信中扮演着不可或缺的角色。具体而言，作为低空经济的核心技术之一，无人机可被部署以提供通信覆盖、促进数据收集并为受困用户中继数据，从而显著提升灾后响应效率。本文设计了一种高效且鲁棒的无人机集群赋能协同自组织网络，以促进灾后通信。具体而言，地面设备将数据传输至无人机集群，集群随后利用协同波束成形技术形成虚拟天线阵列，并将数据高效中继至远程接入点。接着，我们构建了一个面向救援的灾后传输速率最大化优化问题。为解决此问题，我们提出了一种两阶段优化方法。在第一阶段，推导了最优流量路由及网络传输速率的理论上界。在第二阶段，我们将所构建的优化问题转化为其变体V-RPTRMOP，并提出一种基于扩散模型的粒子群优化算法来处理该变体问题。仿真结果表明，所提出的两阶段优化方法在提升所构建网络的传输速率方面具有有效性，展现了其在灾后通信中的巨大潜力。此外，通过评估两种突发情况对系统传输速率的影响，验证了所构建网络的鲁棒性。