Human-artificial intelligence (AI) collaboration takes many forms and occur in both professional and educational scenarios. It is important to identify how human users interact with AI and how their behavior affects task success and learning outcomes. Existing approaches often rely on predefined behavioral categories or derive patterns without establishing their relationship to outcomes. In this work, we propose Principal Trait Analysis (PTA), a data-driven method for identifying interpretable behavioral traits from human-AI collaboration dialogues. Our method analyzes large corpora of human-AI collaborative session traces, derive common traits across the dataset, scores each human collaborator on how well their interaction aligns with these traits, and selects a set that covers the most variance across users. While unsupervised and data-driven, our method also enables domain expertise to be injected during trait identification. We evaluate PTA on two human-AI collaborative coding datasets and investigate how the traits predict future task success, learning outcomes, and evolve over time.

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