Patient education materials for solid-organ transplantation vary substantially across U.S. centers, yet no systematic method exists to quantify this heterogeneity at scale. We introduce a framework that grounds the same patient questions in different centers' handbooks using retrieval-augmented language models and compares the resulting answers using a five-label consistency taxonomy. Applied to 102 handbooks from 23 centers and 1,115 benchmark questions, the framework quantifies heterogeneity across four dimensions: question, topic, organ, and center. We find that 20.8% of non-absent pairwise comparisons exhibit clinically meaningful divergence, concentrated in condition monitoring and lifestyle topics. Coverage gaps are even more prominent: 96.2% of question-handbook pairs miss relevant content, with reproductive health at 95.1% absence. Center-level divergence profiles are stable and interpretable, where heterogeneity reflects systematic institutional differences, likely due to patient diversity. These findings expose an information gap in transplant patient education materials, with document-grounded medical question answering highlighting opportunities for content improvement.

翻译：实体器官移植的患者教育材料在美国各中心间存在显著差异，但目前尚无系统性方法能大规模量化这种异质性。我们提出一个框架，通过检索增强语言模型将相同的患者问题锚定到不同中心的手册中，并利用五级一致性分类法比较生成的答案。将该框架应用于来自23个中心的102本手册和1,115个基准问题后，我们从问题、主题、器官和中心四个维度量化了异质性。研究发现：20.8%的非缺失配对比较呈现临床意义上的显著分歧，主要集中在病情监测和生活方式主题；信息覆盖缺口更为突出——96.2%的问题-手册配对存在相关内容缺失，其中生殖健康主题的缺失率达95.1%。中心层面的分歧特征稳定且可解释，异质性反映了系统性机构差异，这很可能源于患者群体的多样性。这些发现揭示了移植患者教育材料中的信息鸿沟，而基于文档的医疗问答系统为改进内容质量提供了明确方向。