Vehicles equipped with automated driving capabilities have shown the potential to improve safety and operations. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving systems (ADS) have been widely developed to support vehicular automation. Although the studies on the injury severity outcomes that involve automated driving systems are ongoing, there is limited research investigating the difference between injury severity outcomes of the ADAS and ADS vehicles using real-world crash data. To ensure comprehensive analysis, a multi-source dataset that includes the NHTSA crash database (752 cases), CA DMV crash reports (498 cases), and news outlet data (30 cases) is used. Two random parameters multinomial logit models with heterogeneity in the means and variances are estimated to gain a better understanding of the variables impacting the crash injury severity outcome for the ADAS (SAE Level 2) and ADS (SAE Levels 3-5) vehicles. We found that while 56 percent of crashes involving ADAS vehicles took place on a highway, 84 percent of crashes involving ADS took place in more urban settings. The model estimation results indicate that the weather indicators, traffic incident or work zone indicator, differences in the system sophistication that are captured by both manufacture year and high or low mileage, type of collision, as well as rear and front impact indicators all play a significant role in the crash injury severity. The results offer an exploratory assessment of the safety performance of the ADAS and ADS equipped vehicles in the real-world environment and can be used by the manufacturers and other stakeholder to dictate the direction of their deployment and usage.

翻译：具备自动驾驶能力的车辆已展现出提升安全性与运行效率的潜力。先进驾驶辅助系统（ADAS）与自动驾驶系统（ADS）被广泛开发以支持车辆自动化。尽管涉及自动驾驶系统的碰撞伤害严重程度研究正在推进，但利用真实世界碰撞数据对比ADAS与ADS车辆伤害严重程度差异的研究仍十分有限。为确保分析全面性，本研究采用包含NHTSA碰撞数据库（752例）、加州DMV碰撞报告（498例）及新闻来源数据（30例）的多源数据集。通过建立两个具有均值和方差异质性的随机参数多项Logit模型，深入探究影响ADAS（SAE 2级）与ADS（SAE 3-5级）车辆碰撞伤害严重程度的关键变量。研究发现：56%的ADAS车辆碰撞发生在高速公路场景，而84%的ADS车辆碰撞发生于城市环境。模型估计结果表明，天气指标、交通事件或施工区标识、由制造年份与高低里程表征的系统复杂度差异、碰撞类型、以及后部与正面碰撞指标均对碰撞伤害严重程度具有显著影响。本研究为真实环境中ADAS与ADS车辆的安全性能提供了探索性评估，可为制造商及其他利益相关者优化部署与使用方向提供依据。