Humans and robots working together in an environment to enhance human performance is the aim of Industry 5.0. Although significant progress in outdoor positioning has been seen, indoor positioning remains a challenge. In this paper, we introduce a new research concept by exploiting the potential of indoor positioning for Industry 5.0. We use Wi-Fi Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) with trilateration using cheap and easily available ESP32 Arduino boards for positioning as well as sending effective route signals to a human and a robot working in a simulated-indoor factory environment in real-time. We utilized machine learning models to detect safe closeness between two co-workers (a human subject and a robot). Experimental data and analysis show an average deviation of less than 1m from the actual distance while the targets are mobile or stationary.

翻译：人机协同作业以提升人类效能是工业5.0的核心目标。尽管室外定位技术已取得显著进展，室内定位仍面临挑战。本文提出一种新研究思路，通过挖掘室内定位在工业5.0中的潜力。我们利用Wi-Fi接收信号强度指示（RSSI）结合三边定位法，采用廉价易得的ESP32 Arduino开发板实现定位，并在模拟室内工厂环境中实时向人类与机器人发送有效路径信号。同时运用机器学习模型检测两类协作者（人类受试者与机器人）之间的安全接近距离。实验数据与分析表明，当目标处于移动或静止状态时，平均定位误差小于实际距离1米。