This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a decentralized system for issuing and verifying academic certificates based on blockchain technology. The proposed solution addresses common limitations of traditional certification models, such as susceptibility to forgery, reliance on centralized infrastructures, and inefficient verification processes. The system is built on the TRON blockchain and integrates smart contracts written in Solidity, a decentralized web application (dApp) for user interaction, and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for decentralized storage of certificate metadata. The methodology comprised architectural design, smart contract development, and the implementation of a web-based interface, followed by functional, security, performance, and usability evaluations. Experimental results show that the system correctly supports certificate issuance and public verification, enforces access control, and resists common misuse scenarios. Performance analysis indicates low confirmation latency and negligible transaction costs, making the solution suitable for large-scale academic environments. Additionally, usability assessment using the System Usability Scale (SUS) resulted in a score of 76.67, indicating good user acceptance. Overall, the results demonstrate the technical feasibility and practical viability of the proposed approach, highlighting the TRON blockchain as an effective and cost-efficient infrastructure for decentralized academic certification systems.

翻译：本文提出了一种基于区块链技术的去中心化学术证书颁发与验证系统的设计、实现与评估。该方案针对传统认证模式的常见局限性，如易伪造性、对中心化基础设施的依赖以及低效的验证流程，提出了解决方案。系统构建于TRON区块链之上，集成了以下组件：用Solidity编写的智能合约、用于用户交互的去中心化网络应用（dApp），以及用于证书元数据去中心化存储的星际文件系统（IPFS）。研究方法包括架构设计、智能合约开发、基于Web的界面实现，以及后续的功能、安全性、性能和可用性评估。实验结果表明，该系统能正确支持证书颁发与公开验证，执行访问控制，并能抵御常见的滥用场景。性能分析显示其具有较低的确认延迟和可忽略的交易成本，表明该方案适用于大规模学术环境。此外，使用系统可用性量表（SUS）进行的可用性评估得分为76.67分，表明用户接受度良好。总体而言，研究结果证明了所提方法的技术可行性和实际应用潜力，并凸显了TRON区块链作为去中心化学术认证系统基础设施的有效性和成本效益。