Multiple access is the cornerstone technology for each generation of wireless cellular networks and resource allocation design plays a crucial role in multiple access. In this paper, we present a comprehensive tutorial overview for junior researchers in this field, aiming to offer a foundational guide for resource allocation design in the context of next-generation multiple access (NGMA). Initially, we identify three types of channels in future wireless cellular networks over which NGMA will be implemented, namely: natural channels, reconfigurable channels, and functional channels. Natural channels are traditional uplink and downlink communication channels; reconfigurable channels are defined as channels that can be proactively reshaped via emerging platforms or techniques, such as intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and movable/fluid antenna (M/FA); and functional channels support not only communication but also other functionalities simultaneously, with typical examples including integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) and joint computing and communication (JCAC) channels. Then, we introduce NGMA models applicable to these three types of channels that cover most of the practical communication scenarios of future wireless communications. Subsequently, we articulate the key optimization technical challenges inherent in the resource allocation design for NGMA, categorizing them into rate-oriented, power-oriented, and reliability-oriented resource allocation designs. The corresponding optimization approaches for solving the formulated resource allocation design problems are then presented. Finally, simulation results are presented and discussed to elucidate the practical implications and insights derived from resource allocation designs in NGMA.

翻译：多址接入是每一代无线蜂窝网络的基石技术，而资源分配设计在多址接入中起着至关重要的作用。本文旨在为该领域的初级研究者提供一份全面的教程综述，为下一代多址接入（NGMA）背景下的资源分配设计提供基础性指南。首先，我们识别了未来无线蜂窝网络中NGMA将得以实施的三种信道类型，即：自然信道、可重构信道和功能信道。自然信道是传统的上行和下行通信信道；可重构信道被定义为可通过新兴平台或技术（如智能反射面（IRS）、无人机（UAV）和可移动/流体天线（M/FA））主动重塑的信道；功能信道则不仅支持通信，还能同时支持其他功能，典型例子包括集成感知与通信（ISAC）信道以及联合计算与通信（JCAC）信道。接着，我们介绍了适用于这三类信道的NGMA模型，这些模型涵盖了未来无线通信中的大部分实际通信场景。随后，我们阐述了NGMA资源分配设计中固有的关键优化技术挑战，并将其归类为面向速率、面向功率和面向可靠性的资源分配设计。接着，介绍了用于求解所构建的资源分配设计问题的相应优化方法。最后，我们展示并讨论了仿真结果，以阐明NGMA中资源分配设计的实际意义和从中获得的启示。