Let $\mathcal{O}$ be a set of $k$ orientations in the plane, and let $P$ be a simple polygon in the plane. Given two points $p,q$ inside $P$, we say that $p$ $\mathcal{O}$-\emph{sees} $q$ if there is an $\mathcal{O}$-\emph{staircase} contained in $P$ that connects $p$ and~$q$. The \emph{$\mathcal{O}$-Kernel} of the polygon $P$, denoted by $\mathcal{O}$-$\rm kernel(P)$, is the subset of points of $P$ which $\mathcal{O}$-see all the other points in $P$. This work initiates the study of the computation and maintenance of $\mathcal{O}$-$\rm kernel(P)$ as we rotate the set $\mathcal{O}$ by an angle $\theta$, denoted by $\mathcal{O}$-$\rm kernel_{\theta}(P)$. In particular, we consider the case when the set $\mathcal{O}$ is formed by either one or two orthogonal orientations, $\mathcal{O}=\{0^\circ\}$ or $\mathcal{O}=\{0^\circ,90^\circ\}$. For these cases and $P$ being a simple polygon, we design efficient algorithms for computing the $\mathcal{O}$-$\rm kernel_{\theta}(P)$ while $\theta$ varies in $[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2})$, obtaining: (i)~the intervals of angle~$\theta$ where $\mathcal{O}$-$\rm kernel_{\theta}(P)$ is not empty, (ii)~a value of angle~$\theta$ where $\mathcal{O}$-$\rm kernel_{\theta}(P)$ optimizes area or perimeter. Further, we show how the algorithms can be improved when $P$ is a simple orthogonal polygon. In addition, our results are extended to the case of a set $\mathcal{O}=\{\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_k\}$.
翻译:令 $\mathcal{O}$ 为平面上 $k$ 个方向的集合,$P$ 为平面上的简单多边形。给定 $P$ 内两点 $p,q$,若存在一条完全包含于 $P$ 的 $\mathcal{O}$-\emph{阶梯路径}连接 $p$ 和 $q$,则称 $p$ $\mathcal{O}$-\emph{可见} $q$。多边形 $P$ 的 \emph{$\mathcal{O}$-核},记作 $\mathcal{O}$-$\rm kernel(P)$,是指 $P$ 中能 $\mathcal{O}$-可见 $P$ 内所有其他点的点集。本研究首次探讨了当方向集 $\mathcal{O}$ 绕原点旋转角度 $\theta$(记作 $\mathcal{O}$-$\rm kernel_{\theta}(P)$)时,$\mathcal{O}$-核的计算与维护问题。特别地,我们考虑了 $\mathcal{O}$ 由单个或两个正交方向构成的情形,即 $\mathcal{O}=\{0^\circ\}$ 或 $\mathcal{O}=\{0^\circ,90^\circ\}$。针对这些情形且 $P$ 为简单多边形时,我们设计了高效算法以计算 $\theta$ 在 $[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2})$ 范围内变化时的 $\mathcal{O}$-$\rm kernel_{\theta}(P)$,并得到:(i)~$\mathcal{O}$-$\rm kernel_{\theta}(P)$ 非空的 $\theta$ 角度区间;(ii)~使 $\mathcal{O}$-$\rm kernel_{\theta}(P)$ 面积或周长达到最优的 $\theta$ 角度值。进一步地,我们展示了当 $P$ 为简单正交多边形时算法的改进方案。此外,我们的结果可推广至方向集 $\mathcal{O}=\{\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_k\}$ 的情形。