World Wide Web is speeding up its pace into an intelligent and decentralized ecosystem, as seen in the campaign of Web 3.0 and forthcoming Web 4.0. Marked by the Europe Commission's latest mention of Web 4.0, a race towards strategic Web 4.0 success has started. Web 4.0 is committed to bringing the next technological transition with an open, secure, trustworthy fairness and digital ecosystem for individuals and businesses in private and public sectors. Despite overlapping scopes and objectives of Web 3.0 and Web 4.0 from academic and industrial perspectives, there are distinct and definitive features and gaps for the next generation of WWW. In this review, a brief introduction to WWW development unravels the entangled but consistent requirement of a more vivid web experience, enhancing human-centric experience in both societal and technical aspects. Moreover, the review brings a decentralized intelligence prospect of view on native AI entities for Web 4.0, envisioning sustainable, autonomous and decentralized AI services for the entire Web 4.0 environment, powering a self-sustainable Decentralized Physical and Software Infrastructure for Computing Force Network, Semantic Network, Virtual/Mixed Reality, and Privacy-preserving content presumption. The review aims to reveal that Web 4.0 offers native intelligence with focused thinking on utilizing decentralized physical infrastructure, in addition to sole requirements on decentralization, bridging the gap between Web 4.0 and Web 3.0 advances with the latest future-shaping blockchain-enabled computing and network routing protocols.
翻译:万维网正加速迈向智能化和去中心化生态系统,这体现在Web 3.0的浪潮和即将到来的Web 4.0中。以欧盟委员会最新提出的Web 4.0为标志,一场关于战略级Web 4.0成功的竞赛已然开启。Web 4.0致力于为公私领域的个人和企业带来下一代技术转型,构建开放、安全、可信、公平的数字生态系统。尽管从学术和工业视角看,Web 3.0与Web 4.0在范围和目标上存在重叠,但下一代万维网仍具有明确而决定性的特征与差距。本综述首先简要介绍万维网的发展历程,揭示其交织但一贯的需求——提供更生动的网络体验,并在社会和技术层面增强以人为中心的体验。此外,本综述从去中心化智能的视角展望了Web 4.0的原生AI实体,设想为整个Web 4.0环境提供可持续、自主且去中心化的AI服务,以推动计算力网络、语义网络、虚拟/混合现实及隐私保护内容预设的自我可持续去中心化物理和软件基础设施。本综述旨在揭示,Web 4.0不仅单纯要求去中心化,更强调利用去中心化物理基础设施提供原生智能,从而通过最新的区块链赋能计算与网络路由协议弥合Web 4.0与Web 3.0进展之间的差距。