The proliferation of mobile networks and their increasing importance to modern life, combined with the emerging threat of quantum computing, present new challenges and opportunities for cybersecurity. This paper addresses the complexity of protecting these critical infrastructures against future quantum attacks while considering operational sustainability. We begin with an overview of the current landscape, identify the main vulnerabilities in mobile networks, and evaluate existing security solutions with new post-quantum cryptography (PQC) methods. We then present a quantum-secure architecture with PQC and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) tailored explicitly for sustainable mobile networks and illustrate its applicability with several use cases that emphasize the need for advanced protection measures in this new era. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of PQC algorithm families is presented, focusing on their suitability for integration in mobile environments, with particular attention to the trade-offs between energy consumption and security improvements. Finally, recommendations for strengthening mobile networks against quantum threats are provided through a detailed examination of current challenges and opportunities.

翻译：移动网络的普及及其在现代生活中的日益重要性，加上量子计算新兴威胁的出现，为网络安全带来了新的挑战与机遇。本文探讨了在考虑运营可持续性的前提下，保护这些关键基础设施免受未来量子攻击的复杂性。我们首先概述了当前安全形势，识别了移动网络的主要漏洞，并评估了结合新型后量子密码（PQC）方法的现有安全解决方案。随后，我们提出了一种专为可持续移动网络量身定制的、融合PQC与量子密钥分发（QKD）的量子安全架构，并通过多个用例阐明了其适用性，强调了在这一新时代采用高级保护措施的必要性。此外，本文对PQC算法家族进行了全面分析，重点关注其在移动环境中的集成适用性，特别关注了能耗与安全性提升之间的权衡。最后，通过详细审视当前挑战与机遇，提出了加强移动网络抵御量子威胁的建议。