Interstellar objects (ISOs) motivate a coupled mission-design and inference question relevant to spacecraft dynamics and control in extreme environments: if volatile-rich, rotating comet-like bodies were used for sustained deep-space navigation by exploiting pre-existing hyperbolic motion and in-situ propellant, what stability requirements arise under non-gravitational forcing, and what astrometric signatures might distinguish active stabilization from uncontrolled natural dynamics? We develop a stability-theoretic framework for trajectory tracking with jet-actuated correction, and show that high-speed transit geometry -- including debris-belt avoidance and encounter phasing -- tightly constrains feasible trajectories, making long-horizon tracking stability mission-critical. We model tracking residuals as the balance of disturbances and corrective action, and derive stability conditions across four levels: disturbance-energy stability, outer-loop contraction, actuator-memory stability, and rotation-mediated (Floquet) stability. The analysis implies residual diagnostics that can motivate empirical tests: under comparable forcing, effective stabilization is expected to strengthen short-horizon error correction, reduce event-conditioned persistence and variance clustering, regularize standardized innovations, and yield bounded post-shock recovery. More broadly, the framework provides a reference for deep-space guidance and control under nonlinear, multi-field disturbances and for planetary-defense concepts involving attitude shaping or impulsive kinetic impact.

翻译：星际天体（ISO）引出了一个与极端环境下航天器动力学与控制相关的耦合任务设计与推断问题：如果利用富含挥发物、旋转的类彗星天体，通过其固有的双曲线运动和原位推进剂实现持续深空导航，在非引力驱动下会产生怎样的稳定性要求？哪些天体测量信号特征可区分主动稳定化与不受控的自然动力学？我们建立了一个基于喷流驱动校正的轨迹追踪稳定性理论框架，并证明高速穿越几何——包括碎片带规避和交会定相——对可行轨迹施加了严格约束，使得长时域追踪稳定性成为任务关键。我们将追踪残差建模为扰动与校正作用的平衡，并推导出四个层次的稳定性条件：扰动能量稳定性、外环收缩性、致动器记忆稳定性以及旋转介导（Floquet）稳定性。该分析提出了可支撑实验检验的残差诊断特征：在可比驱动条件下，有效稳定化将增强短时域误差校正、降低基于事件的条件持续性和方差聚类、正则化标准化创新量，并产生有界的冲击后恢复。更广义地，该框架为非线性多场扰动下的深空制导与控制，以及涉及姿态成形或脉冲动能撞击的行星防御概念提供了参考依据。