Can drivers' situation awareness during automated driving be maintained using haptic cues that provide information about road and traffic scenarios while the drivers are engaged in a secondary task? And can this be done without disengaging them from the secondary task? Multiple Resource Theory predicts that using different sensory channels can improve multiple-task performance. Using haptics to provide information avoids the audio-visual channels likely occupied by the secondary task. An experiment was conducted to assess whether drivers' situation awareness could be maintained using haptic cues. Drivers played Fruit Ninja as the secondary task while seated in a driving simulator with a Level 4 autonomous system driving. A mixed design was used for the experiment with the presence of haptic cues and the presentation time of situation awareness questions as the between-subjects conditions. Five road and traffic scenarios comprised the within-subjects part of the design. Subjects who received haptic cues had a higher number of correct responses to the situation awareness questions and looked up at the simulator screen fewer times than those who were not provided cues. Subjects did not find the cues to be disruptive and gave good satisfaction scores to the haptic device. Additionally, subjects across all conditions seemed to have performed equally well in playing Fruit Ninja. It appears that haptic cuing can maintain drivers' situation awareness during automated driving while drivers are engaged in a secondary task. Practical implications of these findings for implementing haptic cues in autonomous vehicles are also discussed.

翻译：自动驾驶过程中，当驾驶员从事次要任务时，能否通过提供道路和交通场景信息的触觉提示来维持其情景意识？此外，是否可以在不中断次要任务的情况下实现这一点？多资源理论预测，利用不同感觉通道可以提升多任务表现。使用触觉传递信息可避免次要任务可能占用的视听通道。本研究通过实验评估触觉提示能否维持驾驶员的情景意识。驾驶员在配备4级自动驾驶系统的模拟器中，以《水果忍者》游戏作为次要任务。实验采用混合设计，将触觉提示的存在与否以及情景意识问题的呈现时间作为被试间变量，五种道路与交通场景构成被试内设计。结果显示，接受触觉提示的驾驶员对情景意识问题的正确回答数量更高，且查看模拟器屏幕的次数更少。驾驶员认为触觉提示无干扰性，并对触觉设备给予较高满意度评分。此外，各条件下驾驶员在《水果忍者》中的表现水平相当。研究表明，触觉提示可在驾驶员从事次要任务时维持其自动驾驶期间的情景意识。本文还探讨了在自动驾驶车辆中实施触觉提示的实际意义。