Geopolitical conflict poses significant challenges to research and innovation policy by disrupting scientific systems and talent mobility. This study analyzes the impact of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, particularly the escalations in 2014 and 2022, on the academic landscapes of both countries. We analyzed publication data from 2000 to 2023, encompassing over 1.8 million papers, one million scholars, and 2300 institutions across Ukraine and Russia, alongside collaboration data spanning 193 regions. We tracked scholar migration, research topics, and evolving international networks. Significant migration followed the 2014 and 2022 events, causing severe talent loss and a sharp decline in domestic research visibility in Ukraine. Migrated Ukrainian scholars shifted toward internationalized basic sciences, whereas active scholars who remained focused on applied fields relevant to national resilience and reconstruction. Both groups experienced decreased output in resource dependent fields, particularly medical research. Global networks fractured: traditional ties between Russia and the West, as well as between Ukraine and Russia, dissolved. These were replaced by new alignments between Russia and neighboring countries, and between Ukraine and the West. Migrating Ukrainian scholars face challenges assuming key research roles, though academic communities in smaller host nations showed a trend toward leadership positions. Concurrently, Russian scholars saw a decline in research prominence across most countries due to international sanctions. These findings reveal how conflict disrupts national scientific capacity, fractures global research networks, and affects individual academic careers, highlighting the need for targeted policies to support vulnerable academic communities during crises.

翻译：地缘政治冲突通过扰乱科研体系与人才流动，对研究与创新政策构成重大挑战。本研究分析了俄乌冲突（特别是2014年与2022年两次升级）对两国学术格局的影响。我们解析了2000至2023年间涵盖乌克兰与俄罗斯超过180万篇论文、100万名学者及2300家机构的出版物数据，以及覆盖193个区域的合作数据。通过追踪学者迁徙、研究主题演变及国际协作网络变化，发现2014年与2022年事件引发了大规模移民，导致乌克兰严重的人才流失与本土科研可见度骤降。移民海外的乌克兰学者转向国际化的基础科学领域，而留守学者则聚焦于国家韧性重建所需的应用研究。两大群体在资源依赖型领域（尤其是医学研究）的产出均有所下降。全球科研网络出现断裂：俄罗斯与西方、乌克兰与俄罗斯的传统合作关系瓦解，代之以俄罗斯与邻国、乌克兰与西方的新型联盟。移民海外的乌克兰学者面临担任关键研究角色的挑战，但在规模较小的东道国学术共同体中呈现向领导职位发展的趋势。与此同时，受国际制裁影响，俄罗斯学者在多数国家的学术影响力呈现衰退。这些发现揭示了冲突如何瓦解国家科研能力、撕裂全球研究网络以及影响学者个体职业生涯，凸显了在危机时期制定精准政策支持弱势学术群体的迫切性。