We introduce a project that revives a piece of 15th-century Korean court music, Chihwapyeong and Chwipunghyeong, composed upon the poem Songs of the Dragon Flying to Heaven. One of the earliest examples of Jeongganbo, a Korean musical notation system, the remaining version only consists of a rudimentary melody. Our research team, commissioned by the National Gugak (Korean Traditional Music) Center, aimed to transform this old melody into a performable arrangement for a six-part ensemble. Using Jeongganbo data acquired through bespoke optical music recognition, we trained a BERT-like masked language model and an encoder-decoder transformer model. We also propose an encoding scheme that strictly follows the structure of Jeongganbo and denotes note durations as positions. The resulting machine-transformed version of Chihwapyeong and Chwipunghyeong were evaluated by experts and performed by the Court Music Orchestra of National Gugak Center. Our work demonstrates that generative models can successfully be applied to traditional music with limited training data if combined with careful design.

翻译：本文介绍了一项复兴15世纪韩国宫廷音乐作品《治化平》与《醉丰亨》的研究项目，该作品基于诗歌《龙飞御天歌》创作。作为韩国记谱法"井间谱"的最早范例之一，现存版本仅包含基础旋律。受国立国乐院委托，我们的研究团队旨在将这一古老旋律转化为可供六声部合奏团演奏的编曲版本。通过定制光学音乐识别技术获取井间谱数据，我们训练了类BERT掩码语言模型与编码器-解码器Transformer模型。同时提出了一种严格遵循井间谱结构、以位置表示音符时值的编码方案。经机器转换生成的《治化平》与《醉丰亨》版本已通过专家评审，并由国立国乐院宫廷乐团公开演奏。本研究表明：通过精心设计的编码方案，生成模型能够成功应用于训练数据有限的传统音乐领域。