An $f$-edge fault-tolerant distance sensitive oracle ($f$-DSO) with stretch $\sigma \ge 1$ is a data structure that preprocesses a given undirected, unweighted graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, and a positive integer $f$. When queried with a pair of vertices $s, t$ and a set $F$ of at most $f$ edges, it returns a $\sigma$-approximation of the $s$-$t$-distance in $G-F$. We study $f$-DSOs that take subquadratic space. Thorup and Zwick [JACM 2005] showed that this is only possible for $\sigma \ge 3$. We present, for any constant $f \ge 1$ and $\alpha \in (0, \frac{1}{2})$, and any $\varepsilon > 0$, a randomized $f$-DSO with stretch $ 3 + \varepsilon$ that w.h.p. takes $\widetilde{O}(n^{2-\frac{\alpha}{f+1}}) \cdot O(\log n/\varepsilon)^{f+2}$ space and has an $O(n^\alpha/\varepsilon^2)$ query time. The time to build the oracle is $\widetilde{O}(mn^{2-\frac{\alpha}{f+1}}) \cdot O(\log n/\varepsilon)^{f+1}$. We also give an improved construction for graphs with diameter at most $D$. For any positive integer $k$, we devise an $f$-DSO with stretch $2k-1$ that w.h.p. takes $O(D^{f+o(1)} n^{1+1/k})$ space and has $\widetilde{O}(D^{o(1)})$ query time, with a preprocessing time of $O(D^{f+o(1)} mn^{1/k})$. Chechik, Cohen, Fiat, and Kaplan [SODA 2017] devised an $f$-DSO with stretch $1{+}\varepsilon$ and preprocessing time $O(n^{5+o(1)}/\varepsilon^f)$, albeit with a super-quadratic space requirement. We show how to reduce their preprocessing time to $O(mn^{2+o(1)}/\varepsilon^f)$.
翻译:一个具有拉伸因子 $\sigma \ge 1$ 的 $f$ 边容错距离敏感预言机($f$-DSO)是一种数据结构,它对给定的具有 $n$ 个顶点和 $m$ 条边的无向无权图 $G$ 以及一个正整数 $f$ 进行预处理。当使用一对顶点 $s, t$ 和一个最多包含 $f$ 条边的集合 $F$ 进行查询时,它会返回 $G-F$ 中 $s$-$t$ 距离的 $\sigma$ 近似值。我们研究占用次二次空间的 $f$-DSO。Thorup 和 Zwick [JACM 2005] 指出,这仅在 $\sigma \ge 3$ 时才有可能实现。对于任意常数 $f \ge 1$ 和 $\alpha \in (0, \frac{1}{2})$,以及任意 $\varepsilon > 0$,我们提出了一种随机的 $f$-DSO,其拉伸因子为 $3 + \varepsilon$,该结构以高概率占用 $\widetilde{O}(n^{2-\frac{\alpha}{f+1}}) \cdot O(\log n/\varepsilon)^{f+2}$ 的空间,并具有 $O(n^\alpha/\varepsilon^2)$ 的查询时间。构建该预言机的时间为 $\widetilde{O}(mn^{2-\frac{\alpha}{f+1}}) \cdot O(\log n/\varepsilon)^{f+1}$。我们还针对直径至多为 $D$ 的图给出了一种改进的构造。对于任意正整数 $k$,我们设计了一种 $f$-DSO,其拉伸因子为 $2k-1$,以高概率占用 $O(D^{f+o(1)} n^{1+1/k})$ 的空间,并具有 $\widetilde{O}(D^{o(1)})$ 的查询时间,其预处理时间为 $O(D^{f+o(1)} mn^{1/k})$。Chechik、Cohen、Fiat 和 Kaplan [SODA 2017] 设计了一种 $f$-DSO,其拉伸因子为 $1{+}\varepsilon$,预处理时间为 $O(n^{5+o(1)}/\varepsilon^f)$,尽管其空间需求是超二次的。我们展示了如何将其预处理时间减少到 $O(mn^{2+o(1)}/\varepsilon^f)$。