The rapid evolution of the automobile sector, driven by advancements in connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), has transformed how vehicles communicate, operate, and interact with their surroundings. Technologies such as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication enable autonomous cars to generate and exchange substantial amounts of data with real-world entities, enhancing safety, improving performance, and delivering personalized user experiences. However, this data-driven ecosystem introduces significant challenges, particularly concerning data privacy, security, and governance. The absence of transparency and comprehensive regulatory frameworks exacerbates issues of unauthorized data access, prolonged retention, and potential misuse, creating tension between consumer benefits and privacy risks. This review paper explores the multifaceted nature of data sharing in CAVs, analyzing its contributions to innovation and its associated vulnerabilities. It evaluates data-sharing mechanisms and communication technologies, highlights the benefits of data exchange across various use cases, examines privacy concerns and risks of data misuse, and critically reviews regulatory frameworks and their inadequacies in safeguarding user privacy. By providing a thorough analysis of the current state of data sharing in the automotive sector, the paper emphasizes the urgent need for robust policies and ethical data management practices. It calls for striking a balance between fostering technological advancements and ensuring secure, consumer-friendly solutions, paving the way for a trustworthy and innovative automotive future.

翻译：在联网与自动驾驶汽车（CAVs）技术进步的推动下，汽车行业的快速发展已彻底改变了车辆通信、运行及与环境交互的方式。车联网（V2X）通信等技术使自动驾驶汽车能够与现实世界实体生成并交换海量数据，从而提升安全性、优化性能并提供个性化用户体验。然而，这种数据驱动生态系统也带来了严峻挑战，尤其是在数据隐私、安全与治理方面。透明度的缺失与综合性监管框架的匮乏，加剧了数据未授权访问、长期留存及潜在滥用等问题，导致消费者利益与隐私风险之间形成张力。本文综述了CAVs中数据共享的多维特性，分析了其对技术创新的贡献及伴随的脆弱性。通过评估数据共享机制与通信技术，重点探讨不同应用场景下数据交换的益处，审视隐私关切与数据滥用风险，并对现有监管框架及其在用户隐私保护方面的不足进行批判性评述。本文通过对汽车行业数据共享现状的全面剖析，强调亟需建立强有力的政策与符合伦理的数据管理实践，呼吁在促进技术进步与确保安全、用户友好的解决方案之间寻求平衡，从而为构建可信赖且具有创新性的汽车未来铺平道路。