The development of more powerful Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has expanded its capabilities and the variety of outputs. This has introduced significant legal challenges, including gray areas in various legal systems, such as the assessment of criminal liability for those responsible for these models. Therefore, we conducted a multidisciplinary study utilizing the statutory interpretation of relevant German laws, which, in conjunction with scenarios, provides a perspective on the different properties of GenAI in the context of Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) generation. We found that generating CSAM with GenAI may have criminal and legal consequences not only for the user committing the primary offense but also for individuals responsible for the models, such as independent software developers, researchers, and company representatives. Additionally, the assessment of criminal liability may be affected by contextual and technical factors, including the type of generated image, content moderation policies, and the model's intended purpose. Based on our findings, we discussed the implications for different roles, as well as the requirements when developing such systems.

翻译：随着更强大的生成式人工智能（GenAI）的发展，其能力和输出多样性均得到扩展。这带来了重大的法律挑战，包括各法律体系中的灰色地带，例如对这些模型负责人的刑事责任评估。因此，我们利用德国相关法律的法定解释进行了一项多学科研究，结合具体场景，为生成式人工智能在儿童性虐待材料（CSAM）生成背景下的不同属性提供了视角。我们发现，使用生成式人工智能生成CSAM不仅可能对实施主要犯罪的用户产生刑事和法律后果，也可能对模型负责人（如独立软件开发人员、研究人员和公司代表）产生影响。此外，刑事责任的评估可能受到情境和技术因素的影响，包括生成图像的类型、内容审核政策以及模型的预期用途。基于我们的发现，我们讨论了不同角色的影响，以及开发此类系统时的要求。