Earth Observation (EO) systems are crucial for cartography, disaster surveillance, and resource administration. Nonetheless, they encounter considerable obstacles in the processing and transmission of extensive data, especially in specialized domains such as precision agriculture and real-time disaster response. Earth observation satellites, outfitted with remote sensing technology, gather data from onboard sensors and IoT-enabled terrestrial objects, delivering important information remotely. Domain-adapted Large Language Models (LLMs) provide a solution by enabling the integration of raw and processed EO data. Through domain adaptation, LLMs improve the assimilation and analysis of many data sources, tackling the intricacies of specialized datasets in agriculture and disaster response. This data synthesis, directed by LLMs, enhances the precision and pertinence of conveyed information. This study provides a thorough examination of using semantic inference and deep learning for sophisticated EO systems. It presents an innovative architecture for semantic communication in EO satellite networks, designed to improve data transmission efficiency using semantic processing methodologies. Recent advancements in onboard processing technologies enable dependable, adaptable, and energy-efficient data management in orbit. These improvements guarantee reliable performance in adverse space circumstances using radiation-hardened and reconfigurable technology. Collectively, these advancements enable next-generation satellite missions with improved processing capabilities, crucial for operational flexibility and real-time decision-making in 6G satellite communication.

翻译：地球观测系统在制图学、灾害监测和资源管理领域具有关键作用。然而，这些系统在庞大数据处理与传输方面面临显著挑战，尤其在精准农业和实时灾害响应等专业领域。配备遥感技术的地球观测卫星通过星载传感器和物联网地面设备采集数据，实现重要信息的远程获取。领域自适应大语言模型为解决这一问题提供了方案，能够实现原始与处理后地球观测数据的融合。通过领域自适应，大语言模型提升了多源数据的整合与分析能力，有效应对农业和灾害响应等领域专业数据集的复杂性。这种由大语言模型驱动的数据融合机制，显著提升了传输信息的精确度与相关性。本研究系统探讨了语义推理与深度学习在先进地球观测系统中的应用，提出了一种创新的地球观测卫星网络语义通信架构，该架构通过语义处理方法提升数据传输效率。星载处理技术的最新进展实现了轨道上可靠、自适应且高能效的数据管理。这些改进通过抗辐射和可重构技术，确保了卫星在恶劣空间环境下的稳定性能。总体而言，这些技术进步推动了具备增强处理能力的新一代卫星任务发展，这对6G卫星通信中的操作灵活性与实时决策至关重要。