Privacy Policies are a cornerstone of informed consent, yet a persistent gap exists between their legal intent and practical efficacy. Despite decades of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research proposing various visualizations, user comprehension remains low, and designs rarely see widespread adoption. To understand this landscape and chart a path forward, we synthesized 65 top-tier papers using a framework adapted from the user-centered design lifecycle. Our analysis presented findings of the field's evolution across four dimensions: (1) the trade-off between information load and decision efficacy, which demonstrates a shift from augmenting disclosures to prioritizing information condensation and cognitive load management to counter the inefficacy of comprehensive texts, (2) the co-evolutionary dynamic of design and automation, revealing that complex design ambitions such as context-awareness drove the need for advanced NLP, while recent LLM breakthroughs are enabling the semantic interpretation required to realize those designs, (3) the tension between generality and specificity, highlighting the divergence between standardized, cross-platform solutions and the increasing necessity for specialized, context-aware interaction patterns in IoT and immersive environments, and (4) balancing stakeholder opinions, which shows that visualization efficacy is constrained by the complex interplay of regulatory mandates, developer capabilities and provider incentives. We conclude by outlining four critical challenges for future research.

翻译：隐私政策是知情同意的基石，但其法律意图与实际效果之间始终存在鸿沟。尽管人机交互领域数十年的研究提出了多种可视化方案，用户理解度依然低下，设计方案鲜少获得广泛采用。为厘清该领域现状并规划未来路径，我们采用改编自以用户为中心的设计生命周期框架，系统综述了65篇顶级文献。本分析从四个维度呈现了该领域的演进脉络：(1) 信息负载与决策效能间的权衡，表明研究重点已从增强披露转向优先考虑信息压缩与认知负荷管理，以应对综合性文本的低效问题；(2) 设计与自动化的协同演化动态，揭示出情境感知等复杂设计目标催生了高级自然语言处理技术的需求，而近期大语言模型的突破正为实现这些设计所需的语义解释提供可能；(3) 通用性与特异性之间的张力，凸显了标准化跨平台解决方案与物联网及沉浸式环境中日益增长的情境感知交互模式需求之间的分化；(4) 利益相关者意见的平衡，表明可视化效能受制于监管要求、开发者能力与服务商激励三者间复杂的相互作用。最后，我们提出了未来研究面临的四项关键挑战。